本文在北京地区旱地条件下，开展了氮磷水平对土壤和冬小麦水分状况的研究。结果表明：施肥可提高冬小麦生育前期的土壤水势。随施肥水平的提高，小麦对土壤水分的利用能力增强。施肥可以提高小麦土壤水分利用效率，但高、中肥之间差异不显著。提高施肥水平，小麦旗叶叶水势降，饱和含水量增大，相对含水量减少，自然饱和亏增加。各施肥水平小麦叶片耐脱水能力大小依次为中肥＞对照＞高肥。播前土壤有效贮水量４２９．３ｍｍ左右，生育期降雨不足１００ｍｍ的条件下，旱地冬小麦氮、磷施用量应控制在每亩各１０公斤为宜。 In this paper, under dry land conditions in Beijing, nitrogen and phosphorus levels on soil moisture and winter wheat moisture status. The results showed that fertilization could increase the soil water potential at the early growth stage of winter wheat. With the improvement of fertilization level, wheat’s ability to utilize soil moisture is enhanced. Fertilization can improve soil water use efficiency of wheat, but there is no significant difference between high and medium fertilizers. Increase fertilization levels, wheat flag leaf water potential decline, saturated water content increases, the relative reduction of water content, increased natural saturation loss. The fertilization levels of wheat leaf dehydration ability of the order of fertilizer> control> high fat. Before sowing soil effective storage capacity of about 429.3mm, rainfall less than 100mm during growth conditions, dryland winter wheat nitrogen and phosphorus application should be controlled at 10 kg per acre appropriate.