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尴尬与羞耻皆是负性的自我意识情绪,具有一定的相似性,然而越来越多的研究强调对二者进行明确区分。本文从语义学和心理学的角度对二者进行辨析,详细论述了二者在诱发事件、认知归因、旁观者在场、神经生理基础及生理反应、情绪体验及情绪表达、应对方式等方面的差异,进一步指出它们与心理疾病的关系。未来进行跨文化研究时应保证语义等价性,加强对尴尬和羞耻差异的量化,对社交焦虑等心理障碍进行临床干预时注重对尴尬与羞耻的评估与调节。
Both embarrassment and shame are negative emotions of self-awareness, with a certain degree of similarity. However, more and more researches emphasize a clear distinction between the two. This article analyzes the two from the perspective of semantics and psychology, discusses in detail the two in the induced event, attribution of cognition, the presence of spectators, neurophysiological basis and physiological response, emotional experience and emotional expression, coping style The difference, further pointed out that they and the relationship between mental illness. Cross-cultural research in the future should ensure that semantic equivalence, to strengthen the quantification of the differences between embarrassment and shame, social anxiety and other psychological barriers to clinical intervention pay attention to embarrassment and shame assessment and regulation.