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戏剧、小说历来是历史研究中的重要资料来源。曹雪芹所著《红楼梦》对清史尤其是对清代社会及旗人文化传统的研究具有重要意义。长期以来,很少有学者从曹雪芹的旗人背景及小说对旗人家庭生活的描写等角度,将《红楼梦》这部文学巨著作为史料用于满族文化的研究。本文首先追溯有关旗人与满族概念的发展变迁,试图说明旗人文化与满族文化交替使用的历史原因。进而从讨论曹雪芹的旗人文化背景入手,分析其小说中所反映的贾王史薛四大家族及其亲友的日常生活和社会关系,阐释《红楼梦》在清史、满族文化和满族妇女研究中的史料价值。
Drama, the novel has always been an important source of information in historical studies. Cao Xueqin’s A Dream of Red Mansions is of great significance to the study of the Qing history, especially to the social and banner culture traditions of the Qing Dynasty. For a long time, few scholars have used the literary masterpiece of “Dream of Red Mansions” as the historical material for the study of Manchu culture from the perspective of Cao Xueqin’s banner and the description of the bannerman’s family life. This paper first traces the development of the concept of Banner Manchu and Manchu in order to illustrate the historical reasons for the alternate use of Banner culture and Manchu culture. Then from the discussion of Cao Xueqin’s banner culture background, this paper analyzes the daily life and social relations of the four great families and their relatives and friends reflected in his novels, and expounds the relationship between the “Dream of Red Mansions” and the study of Qing women’s history, Manchu culture and Manchu women Historical value.