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我国绿肥多分布于高温多湿的长江流域,陕西绿肥亦多集中于秦岭以南。半干旱的关中地区是否有发展绿肥的可能性?在农业工作者中认识极不一致,有进一步研究的必要。关中年降雨量在500—700毫米之间,夏闲期(6—9月)正值高温多雨季节,对绿肥的生长、翻压和分解十分有利。但由于降雨量在地区上的分布不均,且年雨量变化大,特别是春旱较严重,对旱地绿肥播种、生长、翻压却又带来了一定的风险。从关中豆科绿肥的种类来衡量,夏播绿肥,如绿豆、黑豆、小豆等,和夏末秋初播种的毛苕,其播种、生长及翻压期均在雨季或雨季后的湿润气候条件下,栽培成功的可能性最大。草木樨系春季套播于麦田,与主要作物还有着较复杂的关系,且生长期长,经春、夏、秋三个季节,而春旱是播种、出苗和保苗的主要威胁。解决草木樨出苗和保苗的主要措施是,冬季播种或早春解冻初期播下,借助于解冻水分把苗出好。早春不但土壤湿度高,且小麦荫蔽不大,有利于出苗和根系的发育。只要根系发育良好,草木樨耐旱力强,保苗问题可以获得解决。7、8、9月为关中雨季,也是草木樨生长和翻压有利的季节。只要掌握在7月底到8月上旬进行翻压,对绿肥的分解及土壤蓄墒均无不良影响,在一般正常气候的条件下,关中旱地发展草木樨绿肥的可能性是存在的。从关中降雨、气温及作物布局来考虑,秦岭以北、渭河以南和省西平原区,年雨量在600—700毫米之间,且分布较均匀,为多种绿肥发展的有利地区。省西北山沼山丘陵区及渭北高原区降雨量在600毫米左右,但气候冷凉,适于发展夏播短期绿肥及毛苕绿肥。省中、省东旱塬区,年雨量为500毫米左右,夏秋雨季常错前推后,变化较大,夏播绿肥及草木樨的栽培均有较大的风险,但总雨量能满足毛苕的需要,发展棉田绿肥毛苕有较大的希望。
China’s green manure is distributed in the hot and humid Yangtze River Basin, Shaanxi green manure are also concentrated in the south of the Qinling Mountains. Is there a possibility of developing green manures in the semi-arid Guanzhong region? There is a great deal of disagreement among agricultural workers and there is a need for further research. Mid-year rainfall between 500-700 mm, the summer leisure period (June-September) is a hot and rainy season, the growth of green manure, pressure and decomposition is very favorable. However, due to the uneven distribution of rainfall in the region, and the large annual rainfall changes, especially in the spring drought more serious, the dry land green manure sowing, growth, but also brought a certain amount of pressure on the risk. From the Guanzhong leguminous green manure to measure the type of summer sowing green manure, such as mung bean, black beans, adzuki beans, etc., and late summer autumn sowing catfish, the sowing, growth and turning pressure period in the wet season or wet weather conditions Under cultivation is most likely to succeed. The vegetation is planted in the wheat field in spring and has a complex relationship with the main crops. The growth period is long, with spring, summer and autumn. The spring drought is the main threat to sowing, emergence and seedling preservation. The main measures to solve the problem of seedling emergence and seedling maintenance is that sowing in winter or early spring thawing sowing, with the help of water to thaw the seed out. Early spring not only high soil moisture, and wheat shade is not conducive to emergence and root development. As long as the root system is well developed, strong drought tolerance of plants, seedlings can be solved. July, August and September are Guanzhong rainy season, which is also a favorable season for the growth and compression of vegetation. As long as the control over the pressure from the end of July to early August, no adverse impact on the decomposition of green manure and soil moisture, under normal conditions of normal weather, the possibility of developing green manure green manure in Guanzhong dry land exists. From the Guanzhong rainfall, temperature and crop layout to consider, north of the Qinling Mountains, south of the Weihe River and the western plains, the annual rainfall between 600-700 mm, and more evenly distributed, a variety of green manure for the development of favorable areas. The mountainous region in the northwestern mountain and the Weibei Plateau have a rainfall of about 600 mm, but the climate is cold and cool, suitable for the development of short-term green manure and maogeon green manure in summer. In the province, the province of dry plateau, the annual rainfall is about 500 millimeters, summer and autumn rainy season often wrong before the push, the change is larger, summer sowing green manure and vegetation cultivation have greater risk, but the total rainfall to meet the catfish The need to develop green manure 棉 cotton have greater hope.