食管癌是我国常见的癌症之一。自上世纪50年代以来,随着胸部外科的发展和普及以及食管癌在高发地区大面积普查工作的开展,我国食管癌的外科治疗水平显著提高,已达国际先进水平。在此,就我国半个世纪以来食管癌外科治疗的基本经验作一回顾和评论,以期温故知新、扬长避短,为未来学科发展的方向提供参考。 Esophageal cancer is one of the common cancers in our country. Since the 1950s, with the development and popularization of thoracic surgery and the large-scale census of esophageal cancer in high incidence areas, the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer in our country has significantly improved and reached the international advanced level. Here, we review and comment on the basic experience of surgical treatment of esophageal cancer in our country for half a century, in order to provide new reference for the future development of the subject in order to gain new insights into the future and to avoid weaknesses.