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本文应用透射电镜、扫描电镜研究了多种粉尘对体外培养的肺泡巨噬细胞生物膜及细胞器的影响,主要结果如下: 1、透射电镜下观察到加矽尘培养的肺泡巨噬细胞,凡是粉尘位于次级溶酶体内,则胞质结构正常;若矽尘游离在胞质内,则可见线粒体肿胀、变性,胞质失去正常结构,核膜解离,证明矽尘首先影响溶酶体膜,同样浓度的TiO_2对细胞器损伤作用较小。 2、用扫描电镜观察了石英、石棉、石墨、二氧化钛、铍、锑等粉尘对体外培养的肺泡巨噬细胞生物膜影响,观察证明,在相同的作用条件下,不同粉尘对生物膜影响差异很大。石英引起膜损伤迅速而明显。 3、由于膜变化是细胞解体的主要原因,所以在选用药物时,首先应考虑保护细胞膜。本研究所观察的四种药物证明都有此作用。并从细胞死亡率的测定也得到证实。 4、用~3H-亮氨酸掺入法,研究了四种粉尘对体外肺泡巨噬细胞蛋白合成能力的影响,证明以石棉影响最大。此法作为毒性指标,有方法简便、灵敏、重现性好等优点。
In this paper, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy of a variety of dust on cultured alveolar macrophages in the biofilm and organelles, the main results are as follows: 1, observed by transmission electron microscopy plus silica dust cultured alveolar macrophages, Located in the secondary lysosomes, the normal cytoplasmic structure; if silica dust free in the cytoplasm, you can see the mitochondria swelling, degeneration, the normal structure of the cytoplasm loss, the nuclear membrane dissociation, that silicosis first affect the lysosomal membrane, The same concentration of TiO 2 had little effect on organelles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the effects of quartz, asbestos, graphite, titanium dioxide, beryllium and antimony dust on the biofilm of alveolar macrophages cultured in vitro. The results showed that the effect of different dust on biofilm was very different under the same conditions Big. Quartz caused rapid and obvious membrane damage. 3, due to membrane changes is the main reason for cell disintegration, so the choice of drugs, the first consideration should be to protect the cell membrane. The four drugs observed in this study have demonstrated this effect. The cell death rate was also confirmed. The effects of four kinds of dusts on the protein synthesis ability of alveolar macrophages in vitro were studied by ~ 3H-leucine incorporation method, and the most significant effect was proved by asbestos. This method as a toxicological indicator, a method is simple, sensitive, reproducible and good.