中国近代学术与西方汉学有着极为密切的学缘关系。以“层累说”为中心理论的“古史辨运动”即是一个绝佳的例证。在“古史辨运动”发生之际,胡适、顾颉刚提出的“东周以上无史论”即是从美国学者迈尔与德国汉学家夏德等人的“疑古”论中得到了一定的启发;而胡、顾二氏继而主张的“商代犹是石器时代的晚期”之论则是直接受到了瑞典考古学家安特生《中华远古之时代》的影响。在“古史辨运动”兴起之际,美国汉学家恒慕义对《古史辨》第一册的介绍与评价,无疑起到了不可替代的推动作用。历史或最为诡异的是,瑞典汉学家高本汉旨在驳斥康有为《新学伪经考》的《左传真伪考》,反倒被“疑古派”拿来证明今文家言,以推进“古史辨运动”中关于今古文学问题的讨论。因此,如果用一句话来表述这一西方汉学与“古史辨运动”之间的学缘关系,“他山之石,可以攻玉”或是一个极佳之写照。 Chinese modern academics and Western Sinology have a very close relationship. The theory of “ancient history of discrimination movement” centered on the theory of “layers of accumulation” is an excellent example. On the Occurrence of “Ancient History of Discrimination Movement”, Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang put forward the theory of “no history on the Eastern Zhou Dynasty” from “suspicion” of the American scholar Meyer and German scholar Xia De et al. The theory that Hu and Gu then followed that “the Shang Dynasty was the late Stone Age” was directly influenced by Andersen, the Swedish archeologist, “The Age of Chinese in Ancient China.” . On the occasion of the rise of “Ancient History of Discrimination Movement”, the introduction and evaluation of the first volume of “Ancient History Discernment” by the American sinologist Monroe undoubtedly played an irreplaceable promoting role. History or the most bizarre is that the Swedish sinologist Gao Benhan aims to refute Kang Youwei “test of the new school pseudo-test” of the “Zuo Fax and false examination,” Instead, “suspicion” to prove this text by saying, in order to promote Discussion on the Problems of Ancient and Ancient Literature in “Ancient History and Discipline Movement”. Therefore, if we use one sentence to express the relationship between this Western Sinology and the Movement of Ancient History and Discrimination, it is an excellent portrayal of “the stone of other mountains”.