支气管肺发育不良(bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD)是早产儿尤其是极低出生体质量儿最常见、最严重的呼吸系统疾病之一,是影响其存活率及生存质量的重要危险因素。随着围产医学的发展、新生儿转运制度的完善及新生儿诊疗技术的进步,早产儿的存活率逐步升高,BPD的发病率也逐年上升。BPD患儿常合并气道高反应性疾病、反复下呼吸道感染、喂养困难、生长发育迟缓等,严重影响患儿生活质量。目前国外许多研究发现,BPD常合并肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common and severe respiratory diseases in preterm infants, especially those with very low birth weight. It is an important risk factor affecting the survival rate and quality of life. With the development of perinatal medicine, the improvement of neonatal transit system and the progress of neonatal diagnosis and treatment, the survival rate of premature children gradually increases and the incidence of BPD also increases year by year. BPD children often complicated by airway hyperresponsiveness, repeated lower respiratory tract infection, feeding difficulties, growth retardation, etc., seriously affect the quality of life in children. At present, many studies abroad found that BPD often complicated by pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary hypertension,