作者对索绪尔《普通语言教程》一书的基本思想加以清理 ,指出 :索绪尔从语言中能指与所指关系的任意性入手 ,引出语言是与言语相对立的 ,是一个自足的共时系统的结论 ,从而对近代认识论哲学的先验理性、主体、目的性、绝对精神等概念进行质疑 ,从而引发了一系列现代性话题 The author clears up the basic idea of ​​Saussure’s “Ordinary Language Course” and points out that Saussure starts from the arbitrariness of the signifier and the relationship to be pointed out in the language, and leads the language to be opposite to speech and self-contained Synchronic system, so as to question the concepts of transcendental rationality, subject, purpose, absolute spirit of modern epistemological philosophy, which lead to a series of topics of modernity