吕叔湘先生曾经写过一篇札记叫《反义动词》(见上海教育出版社1984年《语文杂记》),其中谈到:“口语里只一个词,借进借出都叫‘借’,古汉语里‘借’和‘贷’都是既可以进,也可以出。”一般动词动作主体与动作对象都比较明确,比如“张三打李四一巴掌”,“李四给张三10元钱”、“张三喝李四一顿酒”,这些话一听就知道是怎么回事。可是“借”这个词很怪,单说“张三借李四10元钱”,听的人不知道是张三欠李四,还是李四欠张三,弄不明白。非得说“张三借给李四10元钱”,“李四从张三那儿借了10元钱”才能明白。其实,除了吕叔湘先生说的“借”之外,现代汉语中还有几个这类词,比如“租”“赊”。“张三租李四房 Mr. Lv Shuxiang once wrote an essay called “antisense verb” (see Shanghai Education Press, 1984 “Chinese miscellany”), which said: “only one word in spoken language, by lending are called ’borrow’, the ancient In Chinese, borrowing and lending can both enter and exit. ”The subject and action object of general verb movements are quite clear, such as“ Sanda Sanda hit the palm of your hand ”,“ Li Si to Zhang San 10 yuan Money ”,“ Zhang San drink Li Si a meal of wine, ”one of these words to know what is going on. However, the word “borrowed” is weird, saying “Zhang San borrowed 10 yuan from Li Si.” Heard people do not know Zhang Li owed Li Si, or Li Si Zhang San, do not understand. Have to say, “Zhang borrowed 10 yuan Li 4”, “Li Si borrowed 10 yuan from Zhang San there” can understand. In fact, there are several such words in modern Chinese besides “borrowed” by Mr. Lv Shuxiang, such as “rent” and “credit.” "Zhang three rent Lee four room