结核病是由结核杆菌引起的传染病。曾是流行最广、死亡最多的疾病之一,在相当长一段时期内严重威胁人类的健康,占世界人口总死因的第一位。它的发病率、患病率及死亡率除与流行的三个环节即传染源,传播途径、易感人群有关外,还与社会因素密切相关。社会因素是指不同的社会环境对疾病的影响,社会因素还包括经济收入、居住条件、生活水平等。心理因素是指个体素质、性格、情绪与疾病的因果关系。二者不可分割,常合称心理社会因素。人类对健康与疾病总的认识和根本观点已发生很大改变,医学模式已从生物模式转变为生物心理 Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was one of the most widespread and most deadly diseases. It has seriously threatened human health for a long period of time and has taken the lead in the total cause of death of the world’s population. Its morbidity, prevalence and mortality rate are closely related to social factors in addition to the three links of epidemic: the source of infection, the route of transmission, and the susceptible population. Social factors refer to the influence of different social environments on diseases. Social factors also include economic income, living conditions, and living standards. Psychological factors refer to the causal relationship between individual qualities, personality, emotions, and diseases. The two are inseparable, often collectively referred to as psychosocial factors. The general understanding and fundamental views of human health and disease have changed a lot. The medical model has changed from a biological model to a biological one.