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[目的]了解山东省日光温室生产环境状况及其对从业人员健康的影响。[方法]采用统一调查表,走访山东省5个主要蔬菜产区,以1 171名不同性别、工龄的从业人员为访问对象(接触组),并以850名性别、年龄齐同非从事蔬菜温室种植业的农民为对照,进行健康状况调查。同时,在寿光市蔬菜产区随机抽取3栋日光温室测定温度、相对湿度及氨(NH3)、氯(Cl2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度,并以室外作为对照。[结果]接触组中除74人有既往病史外,其余调查对象的自诉症状阳性率为59.3%(650/1 097),对照组为28.7%(244/850)。骨关节痛阳性率随温室从业年限的延长有上升的趋势;日工作时间越长,温室从业人员骨关节痛比例越高;不同施肥方式的温室从业人员自诉症状阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.09,P<0.05)。温室内外温差为(12.8±4.09)℃,平均温度为(24.2±9.73)℃,平均相对湿度为(79.2±18.87)%,NH3、Cl2、PM10的平均浓度分别为(0.61±0.42)、(1.61±0.49)、(0.16±0.03)mg/m3,超标率分别为84%、100%、81%。[结论]温室内温度和湿度较高,NH3、Cl2、PM10浓度超过国家室内标准,日光温室生产环境影响长期从业人员的健康,应当引起人们的重视。
[Objective] To understand the production environment of solar greenhouse in Shandong Province and its impact on the health of employees. [Method] The questionnaire was used to interview five major vegetable producing areas in Shandong Province. The interviewees (contact group) were interviewed by 1 171 employees of different sexes and seniority, and 850 different age groups Of farmers as a control, to conduct health surveys. At the same time, temperature, relative humidity and concentrations of ammonia (NH3), chlorine (Cl2) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) were measured in three sun-light greenhouses in Shouguang vegetable producing areas. [Results] The positive rate of private prosecution was 59.3% (650/1 097) in the study group and 28.7% (244/850) in the control group except 74 patients had the previous history. The positive rate of bone-joint pain increased with the extension of the working life of greenhouses. The longer the working hours, the higher the proportion of osteoarthritis among greenhouse workers. The positive rates of private prosecutions of greenhouse workers with different fertilization methods were significantly different (χ2 = 29.09, P <0.05). The average temperature was (24.2 ± 9.73) ℃ and the average relative humidity was (79.2 ± 18.87)%. The average concentrations of NH3, Cl2 and PM10 were (0.61 ± 0.42) and ± 0.49) and (0.16 ± 0.03) mg / m3 respectively. The over-standard rates were 84%, 100% and 81% respectively. [Conclusion] The temperature and humidity in the greenhouse were high, the concentration of NH3, Cl2 and PM10 exceeded the national indoor standard, and the production environment of solar greenhouse affected the health of long-term practitioners, which deserved people’s attention.