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以葫芦岛锌厂为中心在15 km范围内采集农田表层及剖面土,对Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As共8种重金属的含量和空间分布进行分析,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和富集因子法对其污染现状进行评价,分析重金属污染的特征,并通过主成分分析探究其污染源。结果表明,锌厂周围农田土壤重金属呈现不同程度的富集,其中Hg和Cd的污染程度最大,研究区总体处于重度污染水平。土壤重金属污染多以锌厂为中心,距锌厂越远,污染越小。主成分分析表明,第1主成分中Zn、Cd、Cu、As、Pb和Hg负荷较高,结合相关性分析结果,推断上述重金属主要受工业生产、交通运输等人为活动影响;第2主成分中Ni、Cr负荷最高,且Ni、Cr与土壤背景值接近,主要受成土母质及其风化物的影响。
The content and spatial distribution of eight heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As were analyzed in a field of 15 km from Huludao Zinc Plant. The single factor Pollution index method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method and enrichment factor method to evaluate the status quo of pollution, analyze the characteristics of heavy metal pollution, and explore the sources of pollution through principal component analysis. The results showed that heavy metals in farmland around zinc plant showed different degrees of enrichment, of which Hg and Cd were the most polluted, and the study area was at the level of heavy pollution. Heavy metal pollution in soils is mainly zinc plant, the farther away from the zinc plant, the less pollution. Principal component analysis showed that the first principal component of Zn, Cd, Cu, As, Pb and Hg load higher, combined with the correlation analysis results, infer that the heavy metals mainly by industrial production, transportation and other human activities; the second principal component The Ni and Cr loads are the highest, and Ni and Cr are close to the background values of the soil, which are mainly affected by the parent material and its weathering materials.