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一、放射治疗中物理及生物方面进展的概况 1.物理学进展:主要是更好地分辨肿瘤组织和正常组织以及根据肿瘤具体情况改进治疗体积而使放射治疗有所进展。直线加速器的使用使照射野边缘的剂量很明确,从而可以应用极窄的照射野,也使射线有更好的深度剂量。可用因病人而异的铅挡块和组织补偿滤过器使照射野更符合要求。术中放疗技术和质子治疗使剂量分布提高到一个新的水平。计算机断层扫描和核磁共振影象使医生对更好地描绘出肿瘤体积和邻近组织有信心。有了这些进展,又发展出新的治疗计划设计的方法。设计者有可能为病人和他的疾病建立起一个三维(3 dimension,3 D)模型,并设计和模拟任何能进行治疗的技术,
First, the progress of physical and biological aspects of radiation therapy 1. Physical progress: mainly to better distinguish between tumor and normal tissue and to improve the treatment volume according to the specific conditions of the tumor and make radiotherapy progress. The use of a linear accelerator makes the dose at the edge of the radiation field very clear, allowing the application of a very narrow field of radiation and a better depth dose of radiation. Patient-specific lead stops and tissue compensation filters make the field more responsive. Intra-operative radiotherapy and proton therapy increase the dose distribution to a new level. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allow doctors to have a better picture of tumor volume and neighboring tissue. With these advances, new treatment planning methods have been developed. The designer may establish a three-dimensional (3D, 3D) model for the patient and his disease, and design and simulate any technique that can be used for treatment.