我国南方广泛地分布着碳酸盐地层,是寻找油气的良好基地。碳酸盐岩可划分出许多相带,各相带的含油气性是不均一的。碳酸盐地层油气勘探的实践说明:生物礁相和边缘浅滩相往往分布着大型油气田。基于以往南方生物礁地质与勘探十分薄弱,为寻找高产的生物礁油气田,加强此项工作是十分必要了。一、生物礁在油气勘探上的重要意义生物礁系指由造礁生物组成的原地埋藏的而具抗浪骨架的海相碳酸盐建造。造礁生物有藻类、古杯类、珊瑚、层孔虫和苔藓虫等,并常伴随着有孔虫、腕足类等等喜礁生物。古杯类、层孔虫、苔藓虫造礁期主要在古生代,藻类、珊瑚从古生代至今造成大量生 Carboniferous strata are widely distributed in southern China and are a good base for finding oil and gas. Carbonates can be divided into many facies, the oil and gas in each phase is not uniform. The practice of hydrocarbon exploration in carbonate stratum shows that large-scale oil and gas fields are often distributed along the reef facies and marginal shoals. Based on the past, the geology and exploration of southern reefs are very weak. In order to find bio-oil and gas fields with high yield, it is very necessary to strengthen this work. I. Significance of Reefs in Oil and Gas Exploration Reefs are in-situ buried carbonate structures with anti-oceanic skeletons that are composed of reef-forming organisms. Reef organisms have algae, ancient cups, coral, stomatal and bryozoans, etc., and often accompanied by foraminifera, brachiopods, etc. hi reef creatures. The ancient cup, stomatal, bryozoan reef mainly in the Paleozoic, algae, coral from the Paleozoic so far caused a large number of students