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目前在内燃机车和内燃动车组上使用的液力传动装置是由液力变扭器和液力偶合器组成的。这篇文章分析了这些液力系统的性能特点,分别讨论了液力传动中起动和运转过程中所用的各种类型变扭器的匹配。比较各种类型变扭器的负荷曲线和目前柴油机的性能可以看到,当使用了“非可透”特性的变扭器时,就可以在动力装置上获得最佳效率。本文还从理论上探讨了液力传动装置中工作油漏泄到不工作档中所产生的影响。这种漏泄影响到牵引力、负荷和液力传动装置特性和平衡以及整个动力装置的性能。在液力传动系统中液力偶合器是被认为最有效的,但在偶合器中漏泄导致的空转损失最为严重。这种损失的影响在第一档(起动)变扭器工作时最显著,在第二档(运转)变扭器工作时影响较小。采用低滑差液力偶合器能减少液力传动系统中的鼓风损失。文章例举了一个工作例子说明漏泄对牵引力和内燃机动力装置性能的影响。
At present, the hydraulic transmission used on diesel locomotives and diesel multiple units is composed of a torque converter and a fluid coupling. This article analyzes the performance characteristics of these hydraulic systems and discusses the matching of various types of torque converters used during start-up and operation of hydraulic drives, respectively. Comparing the load curves of various types of torque converters and the performance of current diesel engines shows that the best efficiency on the power plant can be achieved when using “non-permeable” torque converters. This article also theoretically explores the hydraulic transmission device in the working oil leakage to the non-working stalls in the impact. This leakage affects traction, load and hydraulics characteristics and balance, and overall power plant performance. Hydraulic couplings are considered to be the most effective in hydraulic transmission systems, but slip losses in couplings are the most severe. The effect of this loss is most pronounced at the first gear (start) torque converter operation and less at the second gear (operational) converter operation. Low slip differential coupling reduces blast losses in hydrostatic transmission systems. The article cites a working example that illustrates the effect of leakage on traction and the performance of internal combustion engine power plants.