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动词时态题是高考英语单项选择题中的一项测试重点。随着单项题设题语境化因素的进一步强化，动词时态题在语境中进行测试的这一特点更趋突出，由此给考生的应试增加了一定的难度。结合历年高考英语试题中动词时态题，现将其设题特点及应试策略分析如下：
一、题干中直接性地给定时间状语，让考生通过对题干中所提供的时间状语及对语境的分析即能作出正确的判断，从而考查考生对动词时态基本用法的掌握情况
例1．How can you possibly miss the news？ It ________ on TV all day long.（2004年高考北京卷）
A. has beenB. had been
C. wasD. will be
解析 选A该题在语境中测试现在完成时的基本用法。根据语境中说话人前一分句所用动词时态（can miss）以及选项中所给时间状语all day long可知，说话人所强调的动作是到现在为止之前一直在进行的动作，而且还要继续下去的动作，故该题应选用现在完成时。选项B、C、D显然不符题意。
例2．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. (NMET 2003)
A. has grownB. is growing
C. grewD. had grown
解析 选C该题测试一般过去时在由as引导的时间状语从句结构中的运用。分析句意可知，as在此引导时间状语从句，强调“一边……一边……”之意。主句的谓语动词与从句的谓语动词同时进行，且都发生在过去。这种情况下，as引导的主从句的谓语动词通常都用一般过去时。
例3．At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
解析 选B该题测试将来进行时在含有将来时间状语的句式结构中的运用。分析句中时间状语at this time tomorrow表示将来具体某一时刻，说明句中谓语动词是在将来某一时刻要发生的事，且强调正在进行的动作，故应选用将来进行时。
例4．John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. (NMET 2002春)
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
解析 选D该题题干长，信息量大，但题干中提供了具体时间状语，降低了测试难度。根据上下文语境，第一空句中谓语动词的动作强调到现在为止已有8年，故应用现在完成时；第二空句中时间状语before that，that代指的是we first got to know each other at a Christmas party，强调在过去某点时间之前所发生的事，故应选用过去完成时。
应试策略
解答该类动词时态题型首先要求考生要加强基础训练，夯实运用动词时态的基本功，要正确认识不同的时间状语在不同的动词时态中运用。考生在解答该类题型时，应充分利用题干中所给时间状语及所提供的语境，准确把握各个时间状语在各种不同动词时态中的运用，正确区分同一个时间状语在多种时态中的用法，最终作出正确选择。
实战演练
1. —How are you today？
—Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time .
A. didn’t feelB. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
2. —Wasthe driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer？
—No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining
C. have rained D. had been raining
3. The last time I _______ Jane, she _______cotton in the field.
A. had seen; picked B. had seen; was picking
C. saw; picked D. saw; was picking
4. —Sorry, I’m late because driving here was slow because of the traffic.
—That’s all right. I ________long.
A. won’t be waiting B. haven’t been waiting
C. don’t wait D. didn’t wait
5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
二、题干中给定时间状语，但所给时间状语干扰性强、迷惑性大，考生必须根据上下文语境进行判断，才能作出解答。该题型着重考查考生对某些时间状语在特定语境中的动词时态的特殊运用的掌握情况
例5． I _______while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. （2004年春季高考北京卷）
A. had fallen asleepB. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
解析 选C分析该题题干，while reading the English textbooks为现在分词作时间状语，因其没有明确为过去时间所发生的动作，还是现在时间所发生的动作，所以，干扰了考生的思维，让考生产生了定视。不少考生没有继续读完后一分句，没能看到后一分句中的一般过去时，都认为前一分句是现在时间所发生的动作，而误选了选项B、D。实际上，考生在解答该题时，只要能读完整个题干，把握住句中动作所发生的时间段，便能作出正确选择。
例6．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge？ It will _______fresh for several days. (NMET2003)
A. be stayed B. stay
C. be stayingD. have stayed
解析 选B该题在语境中测试一般将来时、将来进行时以及将来完成时的用法区别。该题的关键是句中所提供的时间状语for several days干扰了考生的思维，不少考生因定势思维的影响，总认为介词for引导的一段时间作状语，用于完成时的结构中，而误选了答案D（将来完成时）。事实上，介词for引导的一段时间作状语既可用于完成时，也可用于将来时和一般过去式，而将来完成时常用于by 或by the end of引导的时间状语的句式结构中。
例7．—You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it？
—I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.（NMET 02）
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t say
解析 选D该题测试一般过去式在语境中的运用。题干中所提供的时间状语sooner给考生的思维带来了很大的干扰性。通常情况下，考生对时间状语soon理解为“不久，很快”，故很多考生受其影响，都误选了选项C（一般将来时）。而sooner在此意为“先前、早些时候”，强调过去，同时根据答话人的语气I’m sorry，也说明了对过去所发生事情作出的歉意。所以，应选一般过去时。
例8．He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
解析 选C该题测试将来时间状语用于时间状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时代指将来时态的用法。一般情况下，当题中出现了将来时间状语时，常用一般将来时。但该题中将来时间状语next year干扰了考生的正常思维，给考生产生了定势，误导考生在A、B、C三个选项中徘徊。事实上，当一个状语从句中出现了将来时间状语时，主句常用将来时（一般将来时或过去将来时），而从句则用一般时态（一般现在时或一般过去时）或完成时态（现在完成时或过去完成时）。
例9．Shirley ______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET1998)
A. has writtenB. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
解析 选D该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，我们要特别注意不能受题干中所给时间状语的迷惑，要注意分析题中所给时间状语在特定语境中的运用，排除干扰，充分运用题干中所暗示的条件，根据上下文语境作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. —Can I help you, sir？
—Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work
C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
2. Many years ago, Jane ________ in a flat with her grandma for a long period of time.
A. had been living B. had lived
C. has been living D. lived
3. —Long time to see. Haven’t you graduated from college？
—Yes. I _______English for four years in Nantong.
A. study B. have studied
C. am studying D. studied
4. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play
C. had played D. played
5. —Hello, Jim. I_____to see you today. Jane said youill.
—Oh, I’m OK.
A. don’t expect; were
B. haven’t expected; are
C. am not expecting; are
D. didn’t expect; were
三、题干中不直接给定时间状语，句中动词时态的确定必须完全根据上下文的语境来判断。着重考查考生对动词时态在语境中进行使用的分析判断能力和灵活运用能力
例10．—Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
—Where was I？
—You _________you didn’t like your father’s job. （2004年春季高考北京卷）
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
解析 选C该题测试过去进行时在特定语境中的运用。根据题干所提供的情景，题干中没有明确的表示过去进行时的时间状语，考生仅能通过上下文语境及说话人的意图所指动作发生时间，才能判断出该动作并非指现在，而是发生在过去且强调在过去某段时间持续的状态。实际上，答话人说话时，省略了状语从句(When I interrupted you, ) you were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.故应选用过去进行时。
例11．I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. (2003上海)
A. doesn’t mentionB. hadn’t mentioned
C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned
解析 选C该题测试一般过去时在特定语境中的用法。提干没有提供任何时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，前一并列分句强调在过去某一时刻“认为将要发生的事”，说明后一并列分句也在过去某一时刻发生（首先排除选项A、D）。该动作又存在在前一并列分句的动作之前发生，故再排除选项B，选答案C（一般过去时），说明与前一分句中主句的谓语动词thought同时进行。
例12． Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET 2001)
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changedD. will change
解析 选A 该题测试现在进行时在特定语境中的用法。题干中没有提供表示进行时的时间状语，考生只有通过上下文语境，才能作出选择。题干中主句为一般现在时，分析从句意义可知，句中谓语动词为现在且强调正在进行的动作，故应选现在进行时。
例13．I _______ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析 选D 该题测试一般现在时在特定语境中的运用。从题干中可以看出，没有明确的用于一般现在时的时间状语，考生在解答该题时，只有通过分析上下文语境，才能得知选项动词的动作并非发生在过去或将来，也没有任何完成之意义，而是强调动作现状的一般行为，故应选一般现在时。
例14．—You have left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. (NMET2000)
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going
解析 选A该题不仅测试一般将来时在特定语境中的运用，同时还测试了will do 与be going to do的用法区别。题干中没有表示将来的时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，该动作并非已经发生，而是表示将要发生的事，故应选一般将来时。但选项A、D都为将来时结构，考生必须在弄清两者之间的区别，即will do强调临时决定将要发生的事，而be going to do强调过去已计划过的将要发生的事，才能作出正确选择。
例15．The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET1999)
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone downD. was gone down
解析 选C该题测试现在完成时在特定语境的运用。分析题干，尽管句中没有表示现在完成时的时间状语，但根据后一并列分句句意可知，选项部分动词动作是强调从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去，故应选现在完成时。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，要注意根据上下文中所给特定语境条件，分析说话人的意图，推断句中动作所发生的时间段，充分利用题干中所提供的其他动词时态暗示条件，结合四个选项动词时态，进行综合分析，作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. —Don’t smoke, Victor. You are a student anyway.
—Well, no one ________me but you at home, Mum. Just this time, OK？
A. saw B. is seeing
C. has seen D. sees
2. Hurry! The train ________. You know it _________ at 8:30a.m.
A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves
C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; is leaving
3. I don’t really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. has just helped out
C. am just helping outD. will just help out
4. —who is Jerry Cooper？
—________？ I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
5. —Oh, it’s you! I ________you.
—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
Key:一、1—5 DDDBC
二、1—5 DDDBD
三、1—5 DBCDA
一、题干中直接性地给定时间状语，让考生通过对题干中所提供的时间状语及对语境的分析即能作出正确的判断，从而考查考生对动词时态基本用法的掌握情况
例1．How can you possibly miss the news？ It ________ on TV all day long.（2004年高考北京卷）
A. has beenB. had been
C. wasD. will be
解析 选A该题在语境中测试现在完成时的基本用法。根据语境中说话人前一分句所用动词时态（can miss）以及选项中所给时间状语all day long可知，说话人所强调的动作是到现在为止之前一直在进行的动作，而且还要继续下去的动作，故该题应选用现在完成时。选项B、C、D显然不符题意。
例2．All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness_____. (NMET 2003)
A. has grownB. is growing
C. grewD. had grown
解析 选C该题测试一般过去时在由as引导的时间状语从句结构中的运用。分析句意可知，as在此引导时间状语从句，强调“一边……一边……”之意。主句的谓语动词与从句的谓语动词同时进行，且都发生在过去。这种情况下，as引导的主从句的谓语动词通常都用一般过去时。
例3．At this time tomorrow _______ over the Atlantic. (NMET2003北京)
A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying
C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly
解析 选B该题测试将来进行时在含有将来时间状语的句式结构中的运用。分析句中时间状语at this time tomorrow表示将来具体某一时刻，说明句中谓语动词是在将来某一时刻要发生的事，且强调正在进行的动作，故应选用将来进行时。
例4．John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that. (NMET 2002春)
A. had been; have seen
B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen
D. have been; had seen
解析 选D该题题干长，信息量大，但题干中提供了具体时间状语，降低了测试难度。根据上下文语境，第一空句中谓语动词的动作强调到现在为止已有8年，故应用现在完成时；第二空句中时间状语before that，that代指的是we first got to know each other at a Christmas party，强调在过去某点时间之前所发生的事，故应选用过去完成时。
应试策略
解答该类动词时态题型首先要求考生要加强基础训练，夯实运用动词时态的基本功，要正确认识不同的时间状语在不同的动词时态中运用。考生在解答该类题型时，应充分利用题干中所给时间状语及所提供的语境，准确把握各个时间状语在各种不同动词时态中的运用，正确区分同一个时间状语在多种时态中的用法，最终作出正确选择。
实战演练
1. —How are you today？
—Oh, I ________as ill as I do now for a very long time .
A. didn’t feelB. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
2. —Wasthe driving pleasant when you were in Shanghai last summer？
—No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A. was raining B. would be raining
C. have rained D. had been raining
3. The last time I _______ Jane, she _______cotton in the field.
A. had seen; picked B. had seen; was picking
C. saw; picked D. saw; was picking
4. —Sorry, I’m late because driving here was slow because of the traffic.
—That’s all right. I ________long.
A. won’t be waiting B. haven’t been waiting
C. don’t wait D. didn’t wait
5. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, ________ and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed
二、题干中给定时间状语，但所给时间状语干扰性强、迷惑性大，考生必须根据上下文语境进行判断，才能作出解答。该题型着重考查考生对某些时间状语在特定语境中的动词时态的特殊运用的掌握情况
例5． I _______while reading the English textbooks. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. （2004年春季高考北京卷）
A. had fallen asleepB. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
解析 选C分析该题题干，while reading the English textbooks为现在分词作时间状语，因其没有明确为过去时间所发生的动作，还是现在时间所发生的动作，所以，干扰了考生的思维，让考生产生了定视。不少考生没有继续读完后一分句，没能看到后一分句中的一般过去时，都认为前一分句是现在时间所发生的动作，而误选了选项B、D。实际上，考生在解答该题时，只要能读完整个题干，把握住句中动作所发生的时间段，便能作出正确选择。
例6．Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge？ It will _______fresh for several days. (NMET2003)
A. be stayed B. stay
C. be stayingD. have stayed
解析 选B该题在语境中测试一般将来时、将来进行时以及将来完成时的用法区别。该题的关键是句中所提供的时间状语for several days干扰了考生的思维，不少考生因定势思维的影响，总认为介词for引导的一段时间作状语，用于完成时的结构中，而误选了答案D（将来完成时）。事实上，介词for引导的一段时间作状语既可用于完成时，也可用于将来时和一般过去式，而将来完成时常用于by 或by the end of引导的时间状语的句式结构中。
例7．—You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it？
—I’m sorry I ______ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.（NMET 02）
A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say
C. won’t say D. didn’t say
解析 选D该题测试一般过去式在语境中的运用。题干中所提供的时间状语sooner给考生的思维带来了很大的干扰性。通常情况下，考生对时间状语soon理解为“不久，很快”，故很多考生受其影响，都误选了选项C（一般将来时）。而sooner在此意为“先前、早些时候”，强调过去，同时根据答话人的语气I’m sorry，也说明了对过去所发生事情作出的歉意。所以，应选一般过去时。
例8．He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ________from the university next year. (2002 上海)
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
解析 选C该题测试将来时间状语用于时间状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词使用一般现在时代指将来时态的用法。一般情况下，当题中出现了将来时间状语时，常用一般将来时。但该题中将来时间状语next year干扰了考生的正常思维，给考生产生了定势，误导考生在A、B、C三个选项中徘徊。事实上，当一个状语从句中出现了将来时间状语时，主句常用将来时（一般将来时或过去将来时），而从句则用一般时态（一般现在时或一般过去时）或完成时态（现在完成时或过去完成时）。
例9．Shirley ______a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it. (NMET1998)
A. has writtenB. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
解析 选D该题测试过去时间状语与过去进行时态在英语句式中的特殊用法。题中过去时间状语last year导致了考生的定势思维，不少考生因此而误选了选项B（一般过去时）。分析上下文语境可知，选项部分的谓语动词的动作并非在过去某一时间已经完成，而是指在过去某一时间正在进行，故应选过去进行时。注意：在这一句式结构中，只有延续性动词才可与过去时间状语用于过去进行时，强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，我们要特别注意不能受题干中所给时间状语的迷惑，要注意分析题中所给时间状语在特定语境中的运用，排除干扰，充分运用题干中所暗示的条件，根据上下文语境作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. —Can I help you, sir？
—Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _________.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work
C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
2. Many years ago, Jane ________ in a flat with her grandma for a long period of time.
A. had been living B. had lived
C. has been living D. lived
3. —Long time to see. Haven’t you graduated from college？
—Yes. I _______English for four years in Nantong.
A. study B. have studied
C. am studying D. studied
4. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the market that they _________.
A. were playing B. were to play
C. had played D. played
5. —Hello, Jim. I_____to see you today. Jane said youill.
—Oh, I’m OK.
A. don’t expect; were
B. haven’t expected; are
C. am not expecting; are
D. didn’t expect; were
三、题干中不直接给定时间状语，句中动词时态的确定必须完全根据上下文的语境来判断。着重考查考生对动词时态在语境中进行使用的分析判断能力和灵活运用能力
例10．—Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
—Where was I？
—You _________you didn’t like your father’s job. （2004年春季高考北京卷）
A. had said B. said
C. were saying D. had been saying
解析 选C该题测试过去进行时在特定语境中的运用。根据题干所提供的情景，题干中没有明确的表示过去进行时的时间状语，考生仅能通过上下文语境及说话人的意图所指动作发生时间，才能判断出该动作并非指现在，而是发生在过去且强调在过去某段时间持续的状态。实际上，答话人说话时，省略了状语从句(When I interrupted you, ) you were saying you didn’t like your father’s job.故应选用过去进行时。
例11．I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ______ it. (2003上海)
A. doesn’t mentionB. hadn’t mentioned
C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned
解析 选C该题测试一般过去时在特定语境中的用法。提干没有提供任何时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，前一并列分句强调在过去某一时刻“认为将要发生的事”，说明后一并列分句也在过去某一时刻发生（首先排除选项A、D）。该动作又存在在前一并列分句的动作之前发生，故再排除选项B，选答案C（一般过去时），说明与前一分句中主句的谓语动词thought同时进行。
例12． Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. (NMET 2001)
A. is changing B. has changed
C. will have changedD. will change
解析 选A 该题测试现在进行时在特定语境中的用法。题干中没有提供表示进行时的时间状语，考生只有通过上下文语境，才能作出选择。题干中主句为一般现在时，分析从句意义可知，句中谓语动词为现在且强调正在进行的动作，故应选现在进行时。
例13．I _______ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play B. have played C. played D. play
解析 选D 该题测试一般现在时在特定语境中的运用。从题干中可以看出，没有明确的用于一般现在时的时间状语，考生在解答该题时，只有通过分析上下文语境，才能得知选项动词的动作并非发生在过去或将来，也没有任何完成之意义，而是强调动作现状的一般行为，故应选一般现在时。
例14．—You have left the light on.
—Oh, so I have. ________and turn it off. (NMET2000)
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone
C. I go D. I’m going
解析 选A该题不仅测试一般将来时在特定语境中的运用，同时还测试了will do 与be going to do的用法区别。题干中没有表示将来的时间状语，但分析上下文语境可知，该动作并非已经发生，而是表示将要发生的事，故应选一般将来时。但选项A、D都为将来时结构，考生必须在弄清两者之间的区别，即will do强调临时决定将要发生的事，而be going to do强调过去已计划过的将要发生的事，才能作出正确选择。
例15．The price _______, but I doubt whether it will remain so. (NMET1999)
A. went down B. will go down
C. has gone downD. was gone down
解析 选C该题测试现在完成时在特定语境的运用。分析题干，尽管句中没有表示现在完成时的时间状语，但根据后一并列分句句意可知，选项部分动词动作是强调从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在或可能还要继续下去，故应选现在完成时。
应试策略
解答该类题型时，要注意根据上下文中所给特定语境条件，分析说话人的意图，推断句中动作所发生的时间段，充分利用题干中所提供的其他动词时态暗示条件，结合四个选项动词时态，进行综合分析，作出正确判断。
实战演练
1. —Don’t smoke, Victor. You are a student anyway.
—Well, no one ________me but you at home, Mum. Just this time, OK？
A. saw B. is seeing
C. has seen D. sees
2. Hurry! The train ________. You know it _________ at 8:30a.m.
A. leaves; leaves B. is leaving; leaves
C. leaves; is leaving D. is leaving; is leaving
3. I don’t really work here; I ________until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. has just helped out
C. am just helping outD. will just help out
4. —who is Jerry Cooper？
—________？ I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet
B. Hadn’t you met him yet
C. Didn’t you meet him yet
D. Haven’t you met him yet
5. —Oh, it’s you! I ________you.
—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’m wearing new glasses.
A. didn’t recognize B. hadn’t recognized
C. haven’t recognized D. don’t recognize
Key:一、1—5 DDDBC
二、1—5 DDDBD
三、1—5 DBCDA