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卡多佐作为美国20世纪最伟大的法官之一,他的法律思想更是透漏着浓厚的社会学特色和鲜明的社会福利倾向。在其任职期间的美国,正从自由资本主义迈向垄断资本主义,处于社会转型时期的美国社会,涌现出大量新生案件,这些案件很难适用当时的司法原则和先例解决。此时的卡多佐根据自己的学识和多年的实务经验,理论联系实际,形成了自己独到的司法方法理论体系,其中最为重要的社会学方法更是影响着今后的英美法律。文章主要阐明卡多佐提倡的四种司法方法,即哲学的方法、历史的方法、传统的方法和社会学的方法,重点在于最后一种方法。
As one of the greatest judges in the 20th century in the United States, Cardoso also disclosed his strong legal personality and distinctive social welfare tendencies. During its tenure, the United States is moving from free capitalism to monopoly capitalism. In the American society during the period of social transition, there are a large number of newborn cases which are difficult to apply to the then judicial principles and precedent solutions. Cardoso at this time according to his own knowledge and years of practical experience, theory with practice, formed its own unique theoretical system of judicial methods, of which the most important sociological method is affecting the future of Anglo-American law. The article mainly illustrates four kinds of judicatory methods advocated by Cardoso: philosophical method, historical method, traditional method and sociological method, with emphasis on the last method.