车辆车轴的材料质量改进、尺寸变化、制造与强化工艺和检验方法的改进,保证了轮对在运用中的强度和可靠性的提高。为了制订改进车辆轮对状态的措施,从1957年开始,每经过三年都到分布在苏联各个不同气候地区的车轮段和车辆修理工厂对车轴进行调查,以搜集必要的统计资料。在每次调查中检查的车轴近一万根。统计数据的分析表明,尽管机车车辆的利用强度逐年增高,车轴的技术状态却不断 Improvements in material quality, dimensional changes, improvements in manufacturing and strengthening processes and inspection methods for vehicle axles have ensured an increase in the strength and reliability of wheelsets in service. In order to devise measures to improve the state of vehicle wheel alignment, wheel axles were surveyed by wheel sections and vehicle repair shops in various Soviet regions in each of the three years from 1957 to collect the necessary statistical data. Nearly 10,000 axles were checked in each survey. Statistical analysis shows that although the utilization of rolling stock increases year by year, the technical status of the axles continues