论文部分内容阅读
相较于动词在语法中的强大人气，连词在语法中简直是“凄凄惨惨戚戚”。连词是英语虚词之一，不充当句子成分，但对句子结构的影响还是杠杠的。尤其在考试中，对连词的有效掌握，更能助力解题，可以说是威力无穷，辐射全卷。连词可以分为两类：一是普通连词，比如and，but等；另一类则可以称为“衍生连词”，即由其他词衍生转变而来。“衍生连词”一旦在高考中出现，就很容易成为Pitfall，考生容易一脚踩空，丢分了还不知道，以为自己答得很对。
“衍生连词”主要衍生源有如下四种：
第一，动词（分词）为衍生源，常见的有suppose/supposing（假设），provided/providing（如果，只要），considering（考虑到），given（考虑到），seeing（鉴于，既然）等，这些词后有时带有that，有时也可以没有，其中given在这几个连词中，用作连词的频率不如其作介词的使用频率高。下面举例来揣摩一下这几个“衍生连词”的出题感觉。
1. that he is ill，who will take his place？
A. Suppose B. Supposed
C. To suppose D. Supposes
此题答案选A，suppose在此处为连词。有些人也会把其当成祈使句，但此处我们也可以用supposing替换，那祈使句之说就只能免了。
2. Most parents encourage their children to take an active part in social events， those events do not interfere with their studies.
A. lest B. unless C. though D. provided
此题答案选D，四个词都可以作连词，但只有D项意思吻合，可译作“只要”。
3.—I will buy a laptop that the price is brought down to under two thousand yuan.
—Are you kidding？ It’ s impossible.
A. if B. providing C. unless D. although
上题答案选B，为providing的连词用法，但providing在这个句子中却是作非谓语动词：Chinadaily.com.cn is the largest English portal site in China， providing news，business information and learning materials。考试中要将两者区分开，还是很简单的，如果providing后跟的是句子且本身不充当句子主干成分，那么它就是连词。
第二，副词为衍生源，常见的有immediately， constantly，directly 这三个副词，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。例如：
4. All the people staying in the building rushed out ____ they heard the fire alarm.
A. hurriedly B. at once
C. as quickly as D. immediately
此题中they heard the fire alarm是一个句子，需用连词引导，放眼四个选项，AB不是连词，C项意思不对，不是尽快地听，而是尽快地跑，只有D项语法和意思皆吻合。
第三，名词为衍生源，常见的有the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，the first time，each time/ every time等名词短语用作连词，也表示“一……就……”，其中time可以用其他词适当搭配，比如the first time是连词，那么the last time同样也可以是连词，解题中需要留意。下面看例题：
5. Each time they met， they would talk long hours together.
A. which B. during C. when D. /
此题B项为介词，其后不能跟句子，率先排除，A项不指作状语的时间，也容易排除，但有些考生容易误选C项以致画蛇添足，答案为D，因为each time已经是连词，不需要再用when了。
第四，固定词组为衍生源，常见的有in case，on condition that，in that，now that，for fear（that）等。例如：
6. Country life is better than city life it offers fresh air and noiseless environment.
A. in that B. as that C. as for D. in which
此题率先排除不能跟句子的介词短语项C项，B项一般认为不存在这个短语，D项代入后表达的意思不对，A项是固定短语，意思为“在于”，可别认为in后面可以用that。
“衍生连词”近几年已成为连词考查的重点，现在你的脑海中有清晰的四类衍生源，相信记起来不会再乱成一团了。好多时候，脑海中乱糟糟的一堆语法知识点，如果缺乏思路，就会记得支离破碎。因此，在平时的语法学习中，要注意形成清晰的脉络，这才是最重要的。
配套练习 1. I’ ll lend you the book you return it on Monday.
A. supposing that B. providing that
C. considering that D. on condition that
2. The two areas are similar they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. besides that B. in that
C. except that D. so that
3. I will telephone you I get home.
A. soon B. immediately C. presently D. shortly
4. He was willing to speak to the reporter he was not identified.
A. on condition that B. in case
C. suppose that D. for fear that
5. He was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the West Lake he went to Hangzhou.
A. at the first time B. the first time
C. for the first time D. at the first time when
6. we met，he was working as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant.
A. Last time B. The last time
C. For the last time D. In last time
7. environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
8. — Remember to give my letter to Lucy.
— Ok. I will give it to her I see here.
A. suddenly B. if only
C. the moment D. while
9. that it seems as if it will rain soon，we had better leave now.
A. Seeing B. Seem C. While D. Once
10. you don’ t like a person，everything hear she does is wrong.
A. While B. Unless C. Because D. On
11. — Did you re-member to give Mary the money you owed her？
—Yes，I give it to her I save her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
12. Uncle Tom came，he would bring us some gifts.
A. For the first time B. Every time that
C. Every time D. The first time that
参考答案：1—12 DBBAB BDCAD BC
“衍生连词”主要衍生源有如下四种：
第一，动词（分词）为衍生源，常见的有suppose/supposing（假设），provided/providing（如果，只要），considering（考虑到），given（考虑到），seeing（鉴于，既然）等，这些词后有时带有that，有时也可以没有，其中given在这几个连词中，用作连词的频率不如其作介词的使用频率高。下面举例来揣摩一下这几个“衍生连词”的出题感觉。
1. that he is ill，who will take his place？
A. Suppose B. Supposed
C. To suppose D. Supposes
此题答案选A，suppose在此处为连词。有些人也会把其当成祈使句，但此处我们也可以用supposing替换，那祈使句之说就只能免了。
2. Most parents encourage their children to take an active part in social events， those events do not interfere with their studies.
A. lest B. unless C. though D. provided
此题答案选D，四个词都可以作连词，但只有D项意思吻合，可译作“只要”。
3.—I will buy a laptop that the price is brought down to under two thousand yuan.
—Are you kidding？ It’ s impossible.
A. if B. providing C. unless D. although
上题答案选B，为providing的连词用法，但providing在这个句子中却是作非谓语动词：Chinadaily.com.cn is the largest English portal site in China， providing news，business information and learning materials。考试中要将两者区分开，还是很简单的，如果providing后跟的是句子且本身不充当句子主干成分，那么它就是连词。
第二，副词为衍生源，常见的有immediately， constantly，directly 这三个副词，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。例如：
4. All the people staying in the building rushed out ____ they heard the fire alarm.
A. hurriedly B. at once
C. as quickly as D. immediately
此题中they heard the fire alarm是一个句子，需用连词引导，放眼四个选项，AB不是连词，C项意思不对，不是尽快地听，而是尽快地跑，只有D项语法和意思皆吻合。
第三，名词为衍生源，常见的有the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，the first time，each time/ every time等名词短语用作连词，也表示“一……就……”，其中time可以用其他词适当搭配，比如the first time是连词，那么the last time同样也可以是连词，解题中需要留意。下面看例题：
5. Each time they met， they would talk long hours together.
A. which B. during C. when D. /
此题B项为介词，其后不能跟句子，率先排除，A项不指作状语的时间，也容易排除，但有些考生容易误选C项以致画蛇添足，答案为D，因为each time已经是连词，不需要再用when了。
第四，固定词组为衍生源，常见的有in case，on condition that，in that，now that，for fear（that）等。例如：
6. Country life is better than city life it offers fresh air and noiseless environment.
A. in that B. as that C. as for D. in which
此题率先排除不能跟句子的介词短语项C项，B项一般认为不存在这个短语，D项代入后表达的意思不对，A项是固定短语，意思为“在于”，可别认为in后面可以用that。
“衍生连词”近几年已成为连词考查的重点，现在你的脑海中有清晰的四类衍生源，相信记起来不会再乱成一团了。好多时候，脑海中乱糟糟的一堆语法知识点，如果缺乏思路，就会记得支离破碎。因此，在平时的语法学习中，要注意形成清晰的脉络，这才是最重要的。
配套练习 1. I’ ll lend you the book you return it on Monday.
A. supposing that B. providing that
C. considering that D. on condition that
2. The two areas are similar they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. besides that B. in that
C. except that D. so that
3. I will telephone you I get home.
A. soon B. immediately C. presently D. shortly
4. He was willing to speak to the reporter he was not identified.
A. on condition that B. in case
C. suppose that D. for fear that
5. He was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the West Lake he went to Hangzhou.
A. at the first time B. the first time
C. for the first time D. at the first time when
6. we met，he was working as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant.
A. Last time B. The last time
C. For the last time D. In last time
7. environmental damage is done，it takes many years for the ecosystem to recover.
A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once
8. — Remember to give my letter to Lucy.
— Ok. I will give it to her I see here.
A. suddenly B. if only
C. the moment D. while
9. that it seems as if it will rain soon，we had better leave now.
A. Seeing B. Seem C. While D. Once
10. you don’ t like a person，everything hear she does is wrong.
A. While B. Unless C. Because D. On
11. — Did you re-member to give Mary the money you owed her？
—Yes，I give it to her I save her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
12. Uncle Tom came，he would bring us some gifts.
A. For the first time B. Every time that
C. Every time D. The first time that
参考答案：1—12 DBBAB BDCAD BC