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为探讨黄瓜温室土壤溶液中钾含量的变化特征,以河北永清县黄瓜主产区的黄瓜温室为研究对象,研究了黄瓜温室整个生育期根层(35~40 cm)和非根层(95~100 cm)不同深度土壤溶液中钾的动态变化规律及土壤中钾的淋失特征。结果表明,根层(35~40 cm)各处理土壤溶液钾含量为47.7~114.0 mg/L,呈现升高-降低-升高的趋势;在非根层(95~100 cm)土壤溶液中,常规施钾处理(施钾量为3 022 kg/hm~2)的钾含量(40.3~105.0 mg/L)动态变化规律与根层相似,而对照处理(不施钾)的钾含量(49.6~66.5 mg/L)和推荐施钾处理(施钾量为600 kg/hm~2)的钾含量(30.6~42.8 mg/L)随时期无明显变化。土壤淋溶液中钾的浓度随施钾量的增加呈不同程度的升高趋势,其浓度为27.9~65.1 mg/L,黄瓜整个生育期土壤钾的总淋失量为154 kg/hm~2。综上所述,该试验区黄瓜温室存在一定程度的钾淋失风险,推荐600 kg/hm~2在保证产量的基础上可以降低钾素的淋失,可有效增加经济效益和环境效益。
In order to investigate the variation of potassium content in cucumber greenhouse soil solution, the cucumber greenhouse in the main cucumber production area of Yongqing County, Hebei Province, was studied to study the effects of the root layer (35 ~ 40 cm) and the non-root layer ~ 100 cm) in different depth soil solution and the leaching characteristics of potassium in soil. The results showed that the content of potassium in soil solution from 47 to 114.0 mg / L in the root layer (35-40 cm) increased, decreased, and then increased. In the non-root layer (95-100 cm) soil solution, The potassium content (40.3 ~ 105.0 mg / L) in the conventional K application was similar to that in the root layer under the potassium application of 3022 kg / hm ~ 2, but the potassium content in the CK (49.6 ~ 66.5 mg / L) and potassium (30.6-42.8 mg / L) with the recommended potassium application (600 kg / hm 2) had no significant change with time. The concentration of potassium in soil leaching solution increased with the increase of potassium application, and the concentration was 27.9-65.1 mg / L. The total amount of leaching of potassium in soil was 154 kg / hm ~ 2. To sum up, there is a certain risk of potassium leaching in the cucumber greenhouse in the experimental area. It is recommended that 600 kg / hm ~ 2 can reduce the leaching of potassium on the basis of guaranteed yield, which can effectively increase economic and environmental benefits.