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目的分析农村既往非法卖血社区影响艾滋病病毒(HIV)从卖血人群向一般人群传播的可能因素。方法选择山西省某县12个村庄,随机抽取660名18～59岁村民开展以社区为基础的横断面研究。采用标准问卷收集研究对象的人口学、医疗注射情况、性行为、艾滋病(AIDS)相关的知识、态度及HIV自愿咨询检测史等信息。结果在过去5年中,约有1/4的调查对象拔过牙,2.8%的对象接受过输血,77.7%的对象有过打针和注射史。打针或注射的场所多是在个体诊所(58.1%)和村卫生室(33.0%)。仅有19.6%的对象使用过安全套;12.5%的对象有过2个以上的性伴侣。该社区婚外性行为并不少见(6.7%),卖淫嫖娼的比例为1.0%,最近1次婚外性行为中,使用安全套的比例仅为20.0%。对HIV三种传播途径(性、血液和母婴传播)的正确回答率为43.1%。该地存在广泛的AIDS相关的歧视。仅有1.7%的村民曾经接受过HIV检测。结论该地区存在广泛的影响HIV从卖血人群向一般人群传播的可能因素。有效预防HIV的二代传播成为中国农村AIDS防治的工作重点之一。
Objective To analyze the possible factors influencing the transmission of HIV from the blood-selling population to the general population in the past in rural areas. Methods Twelve villages in a county of Shanxi Province were selected. A total of 660 villagers from 18 to 59 years old were randomly selected for community-based cross-sectional study. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, medical injections, sexual behavior, AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and history of HIV voluntary counseling and testing. Results In the past five years, about one-fourth of the respondents had had their teeth crossed, 2.8% had had blood transfusions, and 77.7% had had injections and injections. Injections and injections were mostly found in individual clinics (58.1%) and village clinics (33.0%). Only 19.6% of the subjects used condoms; 12.5% of the subjects had more than 2 sexual partners. It is not uncommon for this community to practice extramarital sex (6.7%), 1.0% for prostitution, and only 20.0% for the most recent extramarital sex. The correct response rate to the three HIV transmission routes (sex, blood and mother-to-child transmission) was 43.1%. There is a wide range of AIDS-related discrimination in this area. Only 1.7% of villagers have ever had an HIV test. Conclusion There are a number of possible factors that influence the spread of HIV from the blood-selling population to the general population in the area. Effective prevention of the second generation of HIV transmission has become one of the focuses of rural AIDS prevention in China.