分析了黄土丘陵区农业生产现状和存在的主要问题 ,指出广种薄收习惯是导致土地利用不合理 ,植被遭到破坏 ,进而水土流失加剧和生态环境恶化 ,农业生产力降低的根源。该地区生态农业建设的核心是改变广种薄收习惯 ,治理水土流失 ,不断调整优化土地利用和产业结构。依据土地资源状况提出目前阶段 1 2 34的土地利用结构模式。认为在占总土地面积 2 0 %的基本农田和果园 ,只要实行集约化经营就可实现较高的经济效益 ,70 %的土地应为林草地。根据生态农业的基本原则和当前生产水平提出生态农业建设三个阶段的不同指标和适宜治理度 ,当前该地区主导产业的发展应以资源—结构—质量型模式为主 This paper analyzes the present situation and existing problems of agricultural production in the loess hilly region. It points out that the widespread habit of thin harvesting is the root cause of unreasonable land use, destroyed vegetation, further soil erosion and deterioration of ecological environment and agricultural productivity. The core of eco-agricultural construction in this area is to change the habit of widening the collection and control of water and soil erosion and constantly adjust and optimize the land use and industrial structure. Based on the status of land resources, we propose the land use structure model of the current stage. They think that if the basic farmland and orchards occupy 20% of the total land area, high economic benefits can be achieved only by intensive management, 70% of the land should be grassland and grassland. According to the basic principle of eco-agriculture and the current production level, it puts forward different indicators and appropriate governance degree in the three stages of eco-agricultural construction. At present, the development of the leading industries in this area should be based on the resource-structure-quality model