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[背景]很少有纵向研究来论证邻里环境对于鼓励人们多徒步的作用,或证实喜欢活动的人是否会选择居住在活动丰富的社区。针对创造更多适合徒步的社区的政策,自然实验更有力地证实了邻里环境对居民徒步的因果效应。[目的]本研究旨在调查客观和感知的邻里环境与邻里休闲徒步之间的纵向关联。[方法]本研究对居住环境研究(RESIDE,澳大利亚珀斯,2003—2012)收集了8年余(4项调查)的纵向研究数据进行分析。在每个时间点,被调查者均报告他们在邻里内每周休闲徒步的频率和总分钟数,以及他们对邻里环境的认知。采用地理信息系统对邻里环境进行客观测量。[结果]影响当地休闲徒步的因素有:客观测量的中等或大型公园、海滩的可及性,以及较好的街道连通性(调整邻里认知后减少)。在调整模型中,对于公园和海滩的可及性、街道连通性、社区美观性和治安的积极认知,都是增加邻里休闲徒步的决定因素。每增加一个主观认知的邻里属性,休闲徒步增加9 min/周(频率增加12%)。[结论]本研究的发现为城市规划者和政策制定者提供了更有力的证据,证明街道连通性良好的邻里和附近存在各种规模的公园有利于当地居民的休闲徒步及健康。
[Background] There are few longitudinal studies that demonstrate the role of neighborhood environments in encouraging people to get more footnotes or whether those who like them will choose to live in an activity-rich community. Natural experiments have more strongly demonstrated the causal effect of neighborhood walking on residents, in response to the policy of creating more suitable community for hiking. [Objective] The study aims to investigate the vertical relationship between objective and perceived neighborhood environment and neighborhood leisure walking. [Methods] The study analyzed the longitudinal study data of living environment (RESIDE, Perth, Australia, 2003-2012) collected more than eight years (four surveys). At each time point, respondents reported how often and how often they walked leisurely each week in their neighborhood, as well as their perception of the neighborhood’s environment. Using GIS to measure the neighborhood environment objectively. [Result] The factors influencing local leisure and walking are: Objectively measured medium or large parks, accessibility of the beach and better street connectivity (adjusted to reduce neighborhood awareness). In the tuning model, positive perceptions of park and beach accessibility, street connectivity, community aesthetics, and law and order are all factors that will increase the number of hikes in the neighborhood. For each additional subjectively aware neighborhood attribute, casual hiking increased by 9 min / week (12% increase in frequency). [Conclusions] The findings of this study provide stronger evidence for urban planners and policymakers that neighborhoods with good neighborhoods and nearby parks of all sizes are good for the leisure and health of local residents.