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目的了解琼海市疟疾流行概况与防治历程,总结评价琼海市消除疟疾工作,探讨今后疟疾监控工作重点。方法收集1952—2015年琼海市疟疾疫情数据、报表、文件、工作计划、防治策略与措施等资料,描述分析不同阶段疟疾流行特点和防控措施,并对琼海市消除疟疾工作进行评估。结果琼海市历史上为疟疾高度流行区,1955年疟疾发病率为1 207.34/万,为有疫情数据记载的历史最高峰。全市防治工作经历控制流行、抗疟联防与经常性管理、消除疟疾3个阶段防治。在消除疟疾阶段(2010—2015年),琼海市根据《中国消除疟疾行动(2010—2020年)》和《海南省消除疟疾实施方案》要求,全面开展消除疟疾工作,疟原虫血检44 235人,年度血检数均达到总人口1‰以上,血片复核率10%,2011年、2013年各发生1例输入性恶性疟病例得到及时有效控制。媒介监测发现边远地区仍有较低密度的传疟媒介微小按蚊残存。结论琼海市经过多年疟疾防治,已连续6年无本地感染病例,达到消除疟疾标准。今后应加强输入性病例监测。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of malaria and its prevention and cure in Qionghai City, summarize and evaluate the work of eliminating malaria in Qionghai City, and discuss the priorities of malaria surveillance in the future. Methods Data on malaria epidemic situation, reports, documents, work plans, prevention and control strategies and measures in Qionghai City from 1952 to 2015 were collected and described. Characteristics and prevention and control measures of malaria in different stages were described and analyzed. The malaria elimination work in Qionghai City was evaluated. Results The history of Qionghai City was highly endemic to malaria. The incidence of malaria in 1955 was 1 207.34 / million, the highest recorded history of epidemic data. The city’s prevention and control work experience control popular, anti-malarial defense and regular management, eliminate malaria three stages of prevention and treatment. In the era of malaria elimination (2010-2015), Qionghai City conducted a comprehensive anti-malaria work in accordance with the requirements of the “China Action to Eliminate Malaria (2010-2020)” and “Hainan Province’s Eradication of Malaria” People, the annual blood tests have reached more than 1 ‰ of the total population, blood film review rate of 10%, 2011, 2013 occurred in each case of imported falciparum malaria cases were timely and effective control. Media surveillance revealed that there was still a lower density of residual malachite mosquitoes in remote areas. Conclusion After many years of malaria control in Qionghai City, there have been no cases of local infection for 6 consecutive years and the malaria elimination standard has been reached. In the future, input sex case surveillance should be strengthened.