三、“非善性”发现:辉煌地走向反面 模糊思维表现在伦理问题上,更体现中国古代文化的追求。 东西方文化在其历史长河中都思考过人的认识问题、伦理问题和情欲等人本问题。但在各自的传统中,其思考的重心和主次不同。如果说西方文化是由认识论辐射伦理观,人本主义的话,那么中国文化则是由伦理观去辐射乃至统帅认识论和人本观。西方思维方式注重探讨人与自然的关系,寻求自然界的奥秘,讲究在征服自然中得到人的利益,确立人的价值。他们重视认识问题,并沿着解决认识问题的思路去建立伦理模式。因而他们的伦理也是人神二元对立,他们在人之外塑造一个上帝,一个理念,一个绝对命令,以此来完成善的任务。以后发展的人本主义是从这里的反叛,或者说是西方认识论、伦理学的反叛生成。从思维方式角度,可以说西方文化里认识论是幅射中心。与西方不同,中国古代哲人不是科学家,而大多是思想家。他们思考的中心是伦理问题。他们不以如何征服自然为重,而是以思考如何维持社会和谐统一为主。他们琢磨的主要不是人与自然的关系,而是人与人,人与社会的关系。以此为基础去解决认识问题和情欲问题。不是由认识去解决伦理,而是由伦理去统帅认识,中国古代的人本思想(我们将在下文论及)则是从这里的反叛生成。不少学者指出? Third, the “non-goodness” found: Brilliant towards the opposite fuzzy thinking is reflected in the ethical issues, but also embodies the pursuit of ancient Chinese culture. Eastern and Western cultures have all thought about human-centered problems such as cognition, ethics and eroticism in their long history. However, in their own tradition, their thinking center of gravity differs from their primary and secondary. If the western culture is from the epistemological radiation ethics, humanism, then the Chinese culture is from the ethics to radiation and even commander in chief Epistemology and humanism. Western mode of thinking focuses on the relationship between man and nature, seeking the mysteries of nature, stressing the benefits of human beings in conquering nature and establishing human values. They attach importance to understanding the problem and establish the ethical model along the way of solving the problem of understanding. Therefore, their ethics is also a binary opposition between man and God. They create a God, an idea and an absolute command beyond man to accomplish the task of good. Future development of humanism is from here the rebel, or the western epistemology, ethical rebel generation. From the perspective of thinking mode, it can be said that epistemology in Western culture is the radiation center. Unlike the West, the ancient Chinese philosophers were not scientists, but most were thinkers. The center of their thinking is ethical issues. They are not based on how to conquer nature, but mainly on how to maintain social harmony and unity. What they think mainly is not the relationship between man and nature, but the relationship between man, man and society. Use this as a basis to solve the problem of knowing and passion. It is not from understanding to solve ethics, but from the ethics to the commander in chief. The ancient humanistic thinking in China (which we will discuss below) was born out of rebellion here. Many scholars pointed out?