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用ＲＦＬＰ等ＤＮＡ标记划分玉米自交系杂种优势群，虽与依系谱资料的划分结果基本一致，但不受系谱资料不全，系谱不清和取样假设的限制，可将混合起源的自交系准确划归遗传结构相同的优势群，可揭示更多的遗传多态性和更好地覆盖整个基因组，可查明选择、漂变、突变的效应。依ＤＮＡ标记资料，北美马齿自交系主要由ＲＹＤ和ＬＳＣ两大群组成。前者含Ｂ１４，Ｂ３７，Ｂ７３，Ｎ２８和ＯＨ０７亚群，基础种质是ＢＳＳＳ。后者含Ｍ１３，Ｏｈ４３，Ｍｏ１７，Ｈ９９，Ｃ１０３，ＰＡ９１和Ｔ８亚群，基础种质是ＬＳＣ。欧洲玉米自交系主要分马齿和硬粒两大群。欧洲马齿自交系为早熟抗冷群，与北美马齿自交系亲缘密切。欧洲硬粒自交系的种质基础都是长期栽培的地方种和群体。对ＤＮＡ标记划分杂种优势群的方法和我国该类研究的现状也有评述。
Although it was basically the same as the pedigree based on the pedigree data, the inbred lines of maize inbred lines with DNA markers such as RFLP were basically the same. However, they were not restricted by the incomplete pedigree, pedigree and sample hypothesis. The same dominant group of genetic structures, revealing more genetic polymorphisms and better coverage of the entire genome, can identify the effects of selection, drift and mutation. According to DNA marker data, North American dentine inbred lines mainly consist of two major groups, RYD and LSC. The former contains B14, B37, B73, N28 and OH07 subpopulations, the basic germplasm is BSSS. The latter contains M13, Oh43, Mo17, H99, C103, PA91 and T8 subpopulations, and the underlying germplasm is LSC. The European maize inbred lines are mainly divided into two groups of dens and hard particles. European dentine inbred lines are precocious cold-tolerant and closely related to North American dentine inbred lines. The germplasm of European hard-grain inbred lines is based on long-term cultivation of local species and groups. The methods of dividing DNA heterosis groups into DNA markers and the current status of such studies in China are also reviewed.