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1993和1994年,对我国西北、西南7省(区)主要生产、经销的11种110个种批的牧草和草坪草种子进行了现场扦样、质量检验和质量定级,并对影响种子质量的因素进行了调查与分析。结果表明:被检种的平均合格率为71.4%,其一、二、三级及不合格种子分别占36.0%、12.7%、22.7%和28.6%。种批的质量以进口坪用草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草和国产苇状羊茅(坪用)和老芒麦质量最好,种批平均质量均达一级;其次为国产多年生黑麦草(坪用)和毛苕子,虽然各含三级和/或二级种子,但合格率为100%。其它被检种质量较低,尤其是紫花苜蓿(1993年检)、沙打旺(1994年检)、苏丹草和红豆草,不合格种批率分别为60%、70%、80%和100%。种子质量低的主要表现为多数种杂质含量高和杂草种子严重超标,部分种发芽率低以及个别种水分含量过高。影响种子质量的主要因素为(1)种子生产不规范,技术落后;(2)生产和经营者缺乏必备的种子收获、清选机具以及种子收后质量管理知识;(3)种子经营混乱,信息不畅,产销脱节等。就如何尽快提高我国牧草种子质量以及加强种子质量管理等问题提出了建议。
In 1993 and 1994, 11 species of 110 grasses and turfgrass seeds mainly produced and distributed in the northwestern and southwestern provinces (regions) of China were sampled, quality tested and graded on the spot, and the effects on seed quality The factors were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that the average passing rate of the tested seeds was 71.4%, and the first, second, third and unqualified seeds accounted for 36.0%, 12.7%, 22.7% and 28.6% respectively. The quality of batches of imports of turfgrass pip grass, perennial ryegrass and domestic fescue (Ping) and the best quality of Simao, the average batch quality reached a level; followed by the domestic perennial ryegrass (Ping Use) and hairy seeds, although each contains three and / or two seeds, but the pass rate of 100%. The quality of the other seeds was low, especially alfalfa (1993 inspection), sandwangwang (1994 inspection), sudangrass and sainfoin, the unqualified species approval rates were 60%, 70%, 80% and 100% respectively. The main features of low seed quality are the high content of many kinds of impurities and serious weed seeds, the low germination rate of some species and the high content of individual species of water. The main factors that affect seed quality are: (1) non-standard seed production and backward technology; (2) lack of necessary seed harvesting and clearing equipment and seed quality management knowledge for producers and operators; (3) confusion in seed management, Poor information, production and marketing out of touch. Suggestions are put forward on how to improve the quality of forage seeds in our country as soon as possible and to strengthen the quality management of seeds.