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传统的产业政策是以中央政府为中心实施的公共政策,它自上而下,直接干预资源在产业间的配置,选择性地发展主导产业,其实质是政府对产业结构的干预活动,为实现一定的经济战略服务,尤其是经济赶超。日本经历了这一阶段,并从20世纪70年代开始转型,逐步让位于市场机制;新产业政策是在全球化、知识经济条件下,ICT广泛变化引起的产业政策,它以市场机制为前提,政府为企业提供竞争和创新的平台和市场博弈的规则,涉及政府、企业、学校和其它机构的合作,提高企业的环境适应和技术转化能力,并提高企业集群的竞争力。美国近20年来正在实施这样的产业政策,中国的产业政策应该以市场机制为前提,竞争政策为导向,政府促进大企业并购重组与中小企业的竞争,加强政企学界的合作,为企业提供公共支持和知识产权保护,促进其创新与能力发展。
The traditional industrial policy is a public policy implemented mainly by the central government. From top to bottom, it directly intervenes in resource allocation among industries and selectively develops leading industries. Its essence is that the government intervenes in the industrial structure in order to achieve Certain economic and strategic services, especially the economy catch up. Japan experienced this stage and began its transformation from the 1970s, gradually giving way to the market mechanism. The new industrial policy is an industrial policy resulting from the wide range of changes in ICTs under the conditions of globalization and the knowledge-based economy. It takes the market mechanism as the prerequisite The government provides enterprises with a platform for competition and innovation as well as rules for market game involving the cooperation of governments, enterprises, schools and other institutions to improve their environmental adaptability and technology transformation ability and enhance the competitiveness of enterprise clusters. The United States has been implementing such an industrial policy in the recent 20 years. China’s industrial policy should be based on the market mechanism and competition policy. The government should promote the competition among M & A of large enterprises and SMEs, strengthen the cooperation between government and enterprises, and provide public services Support and intellectual property protection, promote their innovation and ability development.