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[目的]了解上海市普陀区初一学生健康素养现况,寻找影响青少年健康素养的因素,为制定相关健康教育策略提供依据。[方法]针对2011年入学的上海市普陀区初一年级在校学生,采用整群随机抽样方法抽取11所学校中的13个班级,共计420名学生进行横断面调查。[结果]调查对象健康素养问卷总回答正确率中位数(M)(P25~P75)为74.55%(67.27%~78.18%),4个维度的回答正确率M(P25~P75)分别为健康科学观及健康生活方式73.33%(66.67%~80.00%)、常见疾病预防62.50%(56.25%~75.00%)、基本医疗知识技能72.73%(63.64%~81.82%)、安全应急避险85.71%(78.57%~100.00%),全部被调查对象中仅有17.00%达到具备健康素养(总正确率>80.00%)标准。不同性别、户籍和民族调查对象的健康素养问卷回答正确率差异均无统计学意义,但健康促进学校学生的健康素养问卷回答正确率高于非健康促进学校学生(P=0.002)。[结论]该区初一学生健康素养平均水平大多处于中上,但健康素养具备率仍有待提高。在青少年健康素养的影响因素中,所在学校是否曾被命名为“健康促进学校”仍是较为显著的一个因素。
[Objective] To understand the health literacy status of the first grade students in Putuo District of Shanghai and find out the factors that affect the health literacy of adolescents, so as to provide the basis for formulating the relevant health education strategies. [Methods] For the first-year undergraduates of Putuo District in Shanghai in 2011, a total of 420 students from 13 schools in 13 randomized groups were randomly selected for cluster cross-sectional survey. [Results] The median correct answer rate (P25 ~ P75) was 74.55% (67.27% ~ 78.18%) in the questionnaire of health literacy of the surveyed subjects, and the correct rate of M (P25 ~ P75) in the four dimensions was healthy 73.33% (66.67% ~ 80.00%) in scientific outlook and healthy lifestyle, 62.50% (56.25% ~ 75.00%) in common diseases, 72.73% (63.64% ~ 81.82%) in basic medical knowledge and skill and 85.71% 78.57% ~ 100.00%). Only 17.00% of all respondents reached the standard of health literacy (total accuracy> 80.00%). There was no significant difference in the correct answer rate of health literacy questionnaire among students of different gender, household registration and ethnicity survey, but the health literacy questionnaire of health promotion school students answered the questionnaire correctly than the non-health promotion school students (P = 0.002). [Conclusion] The average level of health literacy of first grade students in this area is mostly in middle and upper class, but the rate of health literacy still needs to be improved. Among the influencing factors of adolescent health literacy, whether or not the school was named “Health Promotion School” is still a more significant factor.