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目的调查分析儿童结核病在汕头市的流行、临床表现与治疗情况。方法收集近6年收住的出院诊断为结核病的患者病史,并进行重新评估,对符合诊断的123例患儿的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果结核病诊断率增加,以0～6岁年龄段发病率较高,占58.53%;36.58%有明显的结核病接触史,主要集中在6岁以下的儿童,传染源多为日常密切接触的家人;35.78%患儿结核菌素试验阴性,其结核类型主要为粟粒型肺结核、结核性脑膜炎等,中、重症结核病表现多见;结核病患儿中出现发热、咳嗽等症状者为50%左右。结论儿童结核病流行趋势严峻,结核病患儿的临床表现多样化,临床诊断手段匮乏,需要进一步加强研究。
Objective To investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestation and treatment of childhood tuberculosis in Shantou. Methods The medical records of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis admitted to hospital for nearly 6 years were collected and reevaluated. The clinical data of 123 children who were diagnosed were retrospectively analyzed. Results The diagnosis rate of tuberculosis increased, with a high prevalence rate of 58.53% in 0-6 years old; 36.58% had obvious contact history of tuberculosis, mainly concentrated in children under 6 years of age. 35.78% of children with tuberculin test negative, the type of tuberculosis is mainly miliary tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis, etc., the performance of severe tuberculosis more common; tuberculosis children with fever, cough and other symptoms were about 50%. Conclusion The prevalence of tuberculosis in children is grim. The clinical manifestations of children with tuberculosis are diversified, and the clinical diagnosis methods are scarce, so further research is needed.