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清代广州行商制度是清政府管理经营和控制对外贸易的制度,是封建垄断的特殊制度。行商几乎垄断了当时全国的对外贸易,只有行商是官方承认的有资格跟外国商人做生意的商人,具有“半官半商”的性质,也有人称其为“官商”。行商的这种“官商”性质使得行商的职能不同于普通的商人,保商制度就是“官商”的职能之一。而这一“保”却成为行商破产及行商制度崩溃覆灭的主要原因之一。
The Qing Dynasty commercial system in Guangzhou is the Qing government management and control of foreign trade system, is a special system of feudal monopoly. Traders almost monopolized the country’s foreign trade at that time. Only traders were officially recognized merchants who were qualified to do business with foreign traders, and they were classified as “semi-officials and semi-businessmen.” Others were also called “officials and merchants.” This kind of “commercial and commercial” nature of a trader makes the trader’s function different from that of an ordinary trader. The system of the trader is one of the functions of “the merchant”. However, this “guarantee” has become one of the main reasons for the collapse of commercial banks and the collapse of commercial dealership.