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为了研究牦牛、藏黄牛低氧适应血液生理表征,对滇藏线4个海拔246头牛(1 000 m的红河黄牛、屏边黄牛,2 000 m的丽江玉龙黄牛,3 000 m的德钦佛山黄牛、迪庆黄牛、迪庆牦牛,5 000 m的措美牦牛)血液生理指标、血流变指标进行了测定。结果表明:藏黄牛通过增加红细胞平均体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白含量和红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度来适应低氧环境;而牦牛通过增加血红蛋白含量、红细胞数、血细胞比容来适应低氧环境。3 000 m藏黄牛全血黏度趋于恶化,但其红细胞变形性增强,具有较低的血浆黏度(1.64 m Pa·s)、红细胞内黏度(0.66 m Pa·s)和纤维蛋白原含量(3.62 g/L),可有效地降低全血黏度增高带来的不良影响。3 000 m牦牛具有较高的全血黏度和血流阻,较低的红细胞聚集性和较低的血浆黏度(1.23 m Pa·s)、红细胞内黏度(0.49 m Pa·s)、纤维蛋白原含量(2.70 g/L)、屈服应力(4.30 m Pa),可有效地降低全血黏度和血流阻增大带来的不良影响;5 000 m牦牛与3 000 m牦牛相比,具有更高的红细胞聚集性和血浆黏度(1.83 m Pa·s)、红细胞内黏度(0.73 m Pa·s)、纤维蛋白原含量(4.02 g/L)、屈服应力(5.44 m Pa),但其全血黏度、血流阻降低,有效地降低了红细胞聚集性恶化、血浆黏度升高带来的不良影响。说明牦牛和藏黄牛可能有着各自的低氧适应血液生理表征。
In order to study the hypoxia adaptation of yak and Tibetan cattle to the physiological and biochemical characterization, 246 cattle (1 000 m Red River, Pingliang Ox, 2 000 m Lijiang Yulong Yellow Cattle, 3 000 m Deqifoshan Cattle, Diqing cattle, Diqing yak, 5 000 m of the United States measures yak) blood physiological indicators, blood rheology indicators were measured. The results showed that the Tibetan cattle were able to adapt to the low-oxygen environment by increasing the average volume of red blood cells, the average hemoglobin content of erythrocytes and the average hemoglobin concentration of red blood cells, while the yaks adapted to the hypoxic environment by increasing hemoglobin content, erythrocyte number and hematocrit. The whole blood viscosity of 3 000 m cattle was deteriorated, but the erythrocyte deformability was enhanced with lower plasma viscosity (1.64 m Pa · s), intra-erythrocytic viscosity (0.66 mPa · s) and fibrinogen content (3.62 g / L), which can effectively reduce the adverse effects of increased whole blood viscosity. 3 000 m yak had higher whole blood viscosity and blood flow resistance, lower erythrocyte aggregation and lower plasma viscosity (1.23 mPa · s), intra-erythrocytic viscosity (0.49 mPa · s), fibrinogen (2.70 g / L) and yield stress (4.30 m Pa), which can effectively reduce the adverse effects of whole blood viscosity and increased blood flow resistance. Compared with 3 000 m yaks, the 5 000 m yaks had higher (1.83 mPa · s), intra-erythrocyte viscosity (0.73 mPa · s), fibrinogen content (4.02 g / L) and yield stress (5.44 mPa) , Low blood flow resistance, effectively reducing the deterioration of the aggregation of red blood cells, plasma viscosity increased the adverse effects. It shows that yak and cows may have their own hypoxia adapt to the blood physiological characteristics.