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英语中的it看似简单,用法却颇为复杂。长期以来,学界对it用法的讨论较多,但对于it的分类却观点不一。一般来说,用作第三人称单数代词是it的原型用法,但很多时候其语义所指并不明确,语义难以确定,给分类造成难度。Langacker(2009)从认知语义角度对it的非人称用法进行了深入探讨,在此基础上,对it的人称和非人称用法进行概念结构分析,以it所指称对象的具体或抽象程度为标准可将it分为具体指称it,半抽象指称it以及抽象指称it三类。它们构成一个语义指称连续统,在很大程度上有助于对it句式的分析和认识。
It looks simple in English, usage is quite complicated. For a long time, there have been many discussions about the usage of it in academia, but different opinions have been given on the classification of it. In general, the use of third-person singular pronouns as the prototype usage of it, but in many cases its semantic meaning is not clear, semantic difficult to determine, to the classification of the difficulty. Langacker (2009) conducted an in-depth discussion of the non-personal usage of it from the perspective of cognitive semantics. On the basis of this, it conducted a conceptual structure analysis of the personal and non-personal usage of it, taking the concrete or abstract level of it as the standard It can be divided into specific allegations it, semi-abstract allegations it and abstract allegations it three categories. They constitute a semantic reference to the continuum, largely contribute to the sentence pattern analysis and understanding.