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刑事和解制度的实践效果不佳,屡屡陷入以“适用难”和“适用乱”为特征的“二维困境”。具体表现为刑事和解的适用比例持续走低、适用范围较为混乱、适用程序相对随意、适用标准参差不齐等特点。适用范围过窄、适用条件不明、赔偿尺度弹性过大、民众认识不清等因素,对刑事和解制度功能的发挥构成阻滞。建议从限定适用条件、明确主导机构、优化流程管控、强化监督制约、创设救济渠道等层面多管齐下,共同推动刑事和解制度功能的科学发挥。
The practice of the criminal reconciliation system is ineffective and has repeatedly fallen into a “two-dimensional predicament” characterized by “application of difficulty ” and “application of chaos ”. The concrete manifestation is that the applicable proportion of criminal reconciliation continues to decline, the scope of application is rather chaotic, the application procedures are relatively arbitrary, and the applicable standards are uneven. Narrow scope of applicability, unknown conditions of application, excessive flexibility of compensation scale, unclear public awareness and other factors have hindered the development of the function of criminal reconciliation system. It is suggested to promote the scientific development of the system of criminal reconciliation through the multi-pronged approach of defining the applicable conditions, clarifying the dominant institutions, optimizing the control of the process, strengthening supervision and restriction, and creating relief channels.