原发性硬化性胆管炎诊断和治疗专家共识(2015)

来源 :临床肝胆病杂志 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:ioljok1988
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1概述  原发性硬化性胆管炎(primary sclerosing cholangitis,PSC)是一种以特发性肝内外胆管炎症和纤维化导致多灶性胆管狭窄为特征、慢性胆汁淤积病变为主要临床表现的自身免疫性肝病。上述胆道的改变用目前可查的任何继发因素都无法予以解释,故需与继发性硬化性胆管炎相鉴别。PSC发病隐匿,患者早期常无典型病情进行性加重可导致反复胆道梗阻和胆管炎症,最终可发展为肝硬化和肝衰竭,故早期的诊断及处理对于患者的预后有重要的意义。目前常用磁共振造影及内镜逆行造影进行诊断,典型的胆管造影表现包括胆管不规则、多发局部狭窄和扩张,胆道弥漫性狭窄伴正常扩张段形成串珠样改变。相当一部分 PSC 患者会伴发炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)。目前发病机制不清,熊去氧胆酸(ursode-oxycholic acid,UDCA)作为经验性治疗被使用,但尚无被批准的药物或较为成熟的治疗方案。PSC进展至终末期肝病时需要肝移植治疗。主要的并发症包括门静脉高压、脂溶性维生素缺乏症、代谢性骨疾病以及可能发展为胆管癌或结肠癌。
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1概述  自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)是一种由针对肝细胞的自身免疫反应所介导的肝脏实质炎症,以血清自身抗体阳性、高免疫球蛋白G(IgG)和(或)γ-球蛋白血症、肝组织学上存在界面性肝炎为特