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采用钴-60γ射线照射大豆种子,在 M_2代即可出现早熟突变。其突变频率为0.28%。M_2代早熟突变频率的高低与 M_1代的育性有关。M_1代育性基本正常类型的单株在 M_1代出现早熟突变频率最高,相关达到显著水准,M_2代的早熟突变可遗传给 M_3代。其遗传力为63.26%。M_2代早熟突变提早成熟日数的平均值大于 M_3代,而变量,变异系数低于 M_3代。M_2代早熟突变体的主要农艺性状间的相关性,以株高与主茎节数、单株荚数、单株粒重最为密切.达到高度显著水准。因此,在 M_2代早熟突变中,根据株型和与产量有关的性状进行选择。可收到较好的效果。辐射育种在提早成熟、育成早熟高产品种方面,具有明显的效果。早在1956年德国选种家 M·查哈理斯用 X 射线照射大豆种子.选出了较原品种早熟23天的突变体,并通过低温培育选出了在4.5℃条件下就能发芽的新类型。在国内,黑龙江省农科院在 X 射线处理的满仓金后代中,选出了较满仓金早熟7—10天的黑农4、6、8号,黑龙江省农科院克山农科所通过射线处理选出了极早熟品种丰收11号。对于早熟突变规律的研究,也愈加深入。早熟突变一般在 M_2代出现。因此,研究 M_2代早熟突变的规律和选择方法,对选育早熟高产大豆新品种具有重要意义。本文系作者根据1973—1976年9个照射材料后代的研究,对大豆 M_2代早熟突变的效果、频率,早熟性的变异和遗传,早熟突变体主要农艺性状间的相关性及选择方法,提出一点看法,进行讨论,以提高大豆辐射育种早熟突变的选择效果。
Soybean seeds were irradiated with cobalt-60γ-ray and early-maturing mutation appeared in M_2 generation. The mutation frequency was 0.28%. M_2 generation precocious mutation frequency and M_1 generation fertility. M_1 generation had the highest frequency of early-maturing mutation in M_1 generation, and the correlation reached a significant level. M_3 generation could be inherited by M_3 generation of precocious mutation. Heritability was 63.26%. The average number of early mature days of M_2 generation was higher than that of M_3 generation, while the variation coefficient was lower than that of M_3 generation. The correlation between the main agronomic traits of M_2 progenies was closely related to the plant height, the number of main stems, pods per plant and grain weight per plant, reaching a high level of significance. Therefore, M_2 generation of early-maturing mutations, according to plant type and yield-related traits to choose. Can receive better results. Radiation breeding early maturity, bred into precocious varieties, with significant results. As early as 1956, the German germplasm M. Chaharisi irradiated the soybean seeds with X-rays, and selected the mutants that were 23 days earlier than the original varieties and selected them to germinate under the condition of 4.5 ℃ New type In China, Heilongjiang Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences in X-ray treatment of full-cash gold, the selected warehouse full of gold 7-10 days old black peasants 4,6,8, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences through the Keshan Agricultural Sciences Radiation treatment selected very early varieties harvest on the 11th. For early maturity mutation law, but also more in-depth. Premature mutations generally appear in M_2 generation. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the rules and selection methods of M_2 generation of early-maturing mutations for the selection of early maturity and high yield of new soybean varieties. Based on the research of nine progeny irradiated materials from 1973 to 1976, this paper put forward a little suggestion on the correlation between the agronomic traits and the selection of the agronomic traits of M_2 progeny mutation, frequency, Opinion, discussed to improve the selection effect of early mutation of soybean radiation breeding.