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本文从实证分析和法学评论的角度检讨了医疗过失责任法在预防医疗伤害等方面的局限性,讨论了侵权责任法框架下的其他解决方案的可替代性,进而主张以病人安全立法克服这种局限性。实证研究方面,严酷的事实和科学的证明,均证实医疗过失责任法不具有预防医疗伤害的功能,而“责备”文化的形成则可解释这种局限性的根源。从理论法学和域外法的视野,深入检讨了医疗损害实行过错赔偿责任的局限性,客观地讨论了医疗损害是否应该实行严格责任或无过失补偿。鉴于医疗领域实行严格责任或无过失责任同样存在严重不足,文章介绍了丹麦、美国等国病人安全立法的情况,进而从七个方面设想了中国病人安全立法的制度安排。
This article reviews the limitations of the medical negligence liability law in the prevention of medical injury from the perspective of empirical analysis and legal review, discusses the substitutability of other solutions under the tort liability law framework, and then advocates to overcome this with patient safety legislation. limitation. In empirical research, harsh facts and scientific proofs have confirmed that the medical negligence liability law does not have the function of preventing medical injury, and the formation of a culture of “blame” can explain the source of this limitation. From the perspective of theoretical jurisprudence and extraterritorial law, the in-depth review of the limitations of fault liability for medical malpractice and objectively discussed whether medical malpractices should implement strict liability or no-fault compensation. In view of the fact that there is also a serious shortage of strict liability or no-fault liability in the medical field, the article introduces the situation of patient safety legislation in Denmark, the United States and other countries, and then envisages institutional arrangements for patient safety legislation in China from seven perspectives.