1986年在上海(海平面)和青海(2260,2800和4300米)四个不同海拔高度对1,116名小儿进行了心血管系统检查,对疑有先天性心脏病者再作超声心动图和心电图检查。结果发现动脉导管未闭(PDA)和房间隔缺损(ASD)的检出率,高原明显高于海平面,且随海拔高度的增高而增加。4300米地区两者检出率共达5.2%,明显高于海平面地区(0%)。PDA的发生与高原低大气氧分压引起的出生后动脉导管壁肌肉收缩无能及持续存在的高肺血管阻力和高右室右房压阻碍了卵园孔的解剖性闭合有关,从而引致卵园孔持续开放或ASD。 In 1986, 1,116 children underwent cardiovascular examination at four different altitudes of Shanghai (sea level) and Qinghai (2260, 2800 and 4300 meters), and echocardiography and electrocardiogram were performed on suspected congenital heart disease . The results showed that the detection rate of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and atrial septal defect (ASD) was significantly higher than sea level, and increased with altitude. In 4300 meters, the detection rate of both was 5.2%, significantly higher than that of sea level (0%). PDA and low altitude atmospheric oxygen partial pressure caused by post-natal arterial wall muscle contraction incompetence and persistence of high pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular right atrial pressure impede the ovarian hole anatomical closure of the hole, resulting in oval Park Hole continued to open or ASD.