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运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实地观察法等研究方法,综合生物学和训练学两大学科视角,对我国高水平蹦床运动员脊柱腰段损伤的总体特征和致伤因素进行了全面深入地分析与探讨。研究表明,我国高水平蹦床运动员脊柱腰段损伤率高达83.3%,前三大损伤类型为腰肌劳损、腰扭伤、腰椎间盘突出,其生物学致因在于生理解剖结构弱点、局部过劳加速生理性退变以及违背生物力学原理的运动;训练学角度主观因素主要在于不合理的技术动作、注意力不稳定、局部负荷过重和力量素质欠佳,客观因素主要为高危的项目特征和技术动作的复杂性。针对梳理出的脊柱腰段致伤机理,最终在损伤防护、力量训练、技术训练和心智训练方面提出应增强对康复性功能训练理念的应用,强化核心力量的训练和全身力量的均衡、对称发展,加强情绪调控能力和专注力的训练等指导性建议。
Using the methods of literature review, questionnaire survey, expert interviews and field observation, the author summarizes the general characteristics and injury factors of the lumbar spine injuries of high-level trampoline athletes in China from two perspectives: biology and training Comprehensive and in-depth analysis and discussion. The results show that the injury rate of the lumbar spine of high-level trampoline athletes in our country is as high as 83.3%. The first three types of injuries are lumbar muscle strain, lumbar sprain and lumbar disc herniation. The biological causes are the weaknesses of physiological anatomy, Sexual degeneration and the movement contrary to the principle of biomechanics. The subjective factors in training angle mainly lie in unreasonable technical actions, unstable attention, partial overloading and poor strength and quality. The objective factors are mainly high-risk project features and technical actions Complexity. In view of combing spinal lumbar injury mechanism, the paper puts forward that the application of the conception of rehabilitation functional training should be strengthened in the aspects of injury protection, strength training, technical training and mental training, to strengthen the training of core strength and the balance of body strength and symmetrical development , Strengthen the emotional control ability and concentration training guidance.