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Objectvie To study the effect of curcumin on proliferation, inhibition, and apoptosis in human renal clear cell carcinoma 786-O cells.Method The inhibition of cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.The effect of induce apoptosis was inspected by DAPI fluorescent staining.The expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 was detected by Western Blot.Result The MTT results showed that the cells growth was.inhibited with the increasing of the concentration of curcumin after 48h, and the inhibition rates of cells treated by the concentration with 25μM、 50μM、 100μM were 45.9±1.78%, 79.76±1.49%, 91.11±1.38%, respectively.Meanwhile showed a dose-dependent manner.Most of cells presented the typical morphological changes of apoptosis under the fluorescent microscope.And more obvious effect with the increasing concentration.The expression level of Bcl-2 was down-regulated by curcumin, significantly treated by concentration with 50μM and 100μM.Conclusion Our results suggest that curcumin could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of humanmel renal clear cell carcinoma 786-O cells in vitro.The mechanism could be related to down-regulate expression of Bcl-2 protein.