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AIM To investigate the effect and pharmacological mechanism of icarrin (ICA), which is the main component extracted from a traditional Chinese epimedium herb, on Aβ production in AD-like APP transgenic mice.METHODS PDAPPV717I transgenic (Tg) mice were randomly divided into model group and ICA treated (at doses 30 and 100 μmol· kg-1· d-1) groups.ICA was orally administered to Tg mice with an age range 4-10 months.The burden of Aβ was measured by ELISA and immunohistochemistry.The amyloid senile plaques were detected by Congo red staining and Bielschowsky silver staining.The expression of APP and BACE-1 were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.The co-expression of Aβ with amyloid fibers was detected by applying double labeled immunofluorescence.RESULTS Orally administered ICA decreased the number of amyloid senile plaques in hippocampus of Tg mice.The immunohistochemical examination of brain sections stained with polyclonal anti-A3 antibody showed reduced Aβ burden,and Aβ levels were also decreased in the insoluble fractions of brain homogenates, as determined by ELISA.The expression of APP and BACE-1 in hippocampus was significantly decreased in ICA treated groups.CONCLUSION ICA could reduce the Aβ burden and plaque deposits in the hippocampus of APP transgenic mice through depressing the expression of APP and BACE-I.Icarrin may have a promising application prospect in treatment of AD.