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Post-newborn refers to infant from >28 days to <100 days after birth.During this period, infant is still completely dependent on breast milk or / and formula milk for feeding.Up to now, the concept of post-newborn has not been mentioned in classic textbooks.With the development of perinatal medicine, mortality rate of diseases in neonates such as low birth weight infants, extreme low birth weight infants, asphyxia, infectious diseases, congenital malformations have been decreased significantly, and consequently, the issues of the qualities of life for these surviving infants have aroused widespread concerns.The post-newborn infants have some important characteristics differing from both newborn infants and infants after the period: 1) different fatal diseases and mortality rate during the post-newborn; 2) the diseases inherited from the newborn period requiring early and prompt treatment; 3) some peculiar diseases during this period requiring much attention; 4) either similar or different immune function; 5) rapid growth and uneven development of organ systems.Establishment of the new concept of post-newborn will further reveal the nature of life, reduce the mortality rate of infants, and improve the quality of life.