兼祧在清代民事习惯中作为一项立嗣继承规则,使独子可以同时成为两房乃至多房的继承人。根据《民事习惯调查报告录》对这一习俗的调查记载,兼祧在清代尤其是清代中后期分布相当广泛,且具备完善的适用条件和效力。一般说,构成兼祧须同父周亲均系独子,兼祧子所娶两妻或多妻均按其所属各房而享有正室的地位。但民间习惯与清代官方法的规定并不完全一致,官方对此也采取了较为宽容的态度。 Concurrently, as an established successor to inherit the rules of the Qing Dynasty, the only child could become an heir of two or more rooms at the same time. According to the survey of customary practices recorded in the Report on the Investigation of Civil Habitat, the concurrent issuance in the Qing Dynasty, especially in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, was fairly widespread and had sound application conditions and effectiveness. Generally speaking, the constitutional cum-syndicate should be the only child of the same surname and both sons and daughters should enjoy the status of positive room according to their respective rooms. However, the customs of the people and the official law of the Qing Dynasty are not exactly the same, and officials have also adopted a more tolerant attitude.