前言通过大量的研究证明,石膏是一种良好的脆性材料,其泊松比与混凝土相接近,藉调整水膏比可使弹性模量变化较大,应用时可以在较大的变化范围内进行选择,用它制作结构模型研究水工建筑物的应力、变形等问题,能比较好的反映出原型的真实情况,并且它还具有来源广,价格便宜,加工成型容易等优点,因此在国内外广为应用。虽然70年代以来,电子计算机迅速发展,很多结构应力问题通过电子计算机计算便可解决,但水工建筑物由于几何形状及边界条件极为复杂,电子计算机技术目前仍然不能完全取代结构模型试验。我国兴建 Foreword Through a large number of studies, it is proved that gypsum is a good brittle material, its Poisson’s ratio is close to that of concrete, and the elastic modulus can be changed by adjusting the ratio of water paste, and it can be carried out within a relatively wide range of variation when applied. Selecting and using it to make the structural model to study the stress and deformation of hydraulic structures can better reflect the real situation of the prototype, and it also has the advantages of wide source, low price, easy processing and molding, etc. Therefore, at home and abroad Widely used. Although electronic computers have developed rapidly since the 1970s, many structural stress problems can be solved by computer calculations. However, due to the extremely complex geometric shapes and boundary conditions of hydraulic structures, electronic computer technology still cannot fully replace structural model tests. China’s construction