Objective: Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease in the world.However, there has been few knowledge about the oral microbiota of childhood from different races.The aim of the study is to explore the microbiota in dental plaque from Chinese Han and She children by pyrosequencing anlysis.Methods: Supragingival plaque were collected from 66 She and 60 Han children (3-6 years old)with or without dental caries.The V1-V3 hypervariable regions of bacterial 16S rDNA genes were amplified by multiply primers and analyzed by 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing.Results:A total of 716,972 reads passed the quality control, belonging to eighteen phyla and 102 genera.Fifteen genera including Actinomyces,Corynebacterium, Derxia, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Capnocytophaga, Prevotella,Granulicatella, Fusobacterium, Johnsonella, Kingella, Porphyromonas, Abiotrophia were shared by 97% She and Han children with or without dental caries.These genera constituted 86.2-88.9% of the total microbiota of dental plaque in all subjects.However the quantity of dental plaque microbiota composition from She and Han subjects were various.Thirty genera of that such as Actinomyces, Campylobacter, Neisseria, Leptotrichia,Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Capnocytophaga showed significantly different between the Han and She subjects.Moreover three genera including Gemella, Bergeyella, Granulicatella were associated with dental caries in She group, whereas other nine genera including Streptococcus, Actinomyces were associated with dental caries in Han group.Conclusion: The framework of normal plaque microbiota from She and Han race was studid.The microbiota disparities are present in different racial groups and the potential cariogenic microbes in She and Han children was at a certain extent variable.