Pharmaceutical manufacturing is conventionally divided into two parts-primary manufacturing,which involves making the drug substance(i.e.the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-API)via chemistry and secondary manufacturing,which involves formulating the drug substance for delivery to the patient.In this talk,I will discuss our recent research in using micro-and milli-fluidic systems to develop advanced manufacturing processes that bridge both primary and secondary pharmaceutical manufacturing.First,I will discuss how microfluidic systems can enable advanced processes to carry out chemistry that is sustainable,energy efficient and safe,particularly for chemistries that involve multiple fluid phases and solid catalysts.In particular,I will focus on the important case of metal-catalysed gas-liquid reactions,such as hydrogenation,and demonstrate advanced,high-volume flow processes that greatly intensify the chemistry while also enabling complete catalyst recovery and recycle.Next,I will discuss how microfluidics-based processes are enabling new ways to envision the final drug product,by enabling precise control over the solid state of the drug substance.In particular,I will demonstrate advanced microfluidics-based crystallisation and formulation processes where droplet microfluidics,particle and crystal engineering converge.In summary,I will discuss the challenges and opportunities in blurring the boundary between drug substance and drug product via microfluidics-based manufacturing processes.