利用纯合子定位结合全外显子组测序对一近亲婚配神经肌肉病家系的分子诊断

来源 :第十四次全国医学遗传学学术会议 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:anlisha521
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  肢带型肌营养不良(limb girdle muscular dystrophy,LGMD),是一组遗传模式和临床症状具有高度异质性的常染色体遗传病,主要特征为进行性的盆带肌和肩胛带肌的无力和萎缩.根据遗传方式,可分为LGMD1型(常染色体显性遗传)和LGMD2型(常染色体隐性遗传). LGMD2G,于青少年期起病,主要表现为进行性的四肢近端肌及下肢远端肌的无力和萎缩,肌活检有或无镶边空泡,肌酸激酶水平升高,是一种相对罕见的肢带型肌营养不良,世界范围内仅有不到20例的家系被报道.目前已知,TCAP编码的Z盘蛋白Telethonin的突变是LGMD2G的致病改变.遗传性包涵体肌病(heredity inclusion body myopathy,hIBM),是一组以肌纤维内镶边空泡和管丝包涵体为特征性病理改变的神经肌肉病,遗传方式为常染色体隐性遗传,临床诊断的主要标准包括家族式遗传方式,青少年晚期或成年早期起病,主要累及下肢远端肌群,胫前肌受累较早且较重,股四头肌极少受累,肌活检光镜下见大量镶边空泡,无炎症细胞的浸润以及肌酸激酶水平升高.目前,该病唯一已知的致病基因为GNE.课题组收集了一个近亲结婚的家系,经详细的临床分析发现:两名患者肌纤维内存在大量镶边空泡,无炎症细胞的浸润,双下肢肌萎缩明显,双上肢肌力较为正常,肌酸激酶水平明显升高,因此初步怀疑为—hIBM家系.但是,对患者行GNE基因突变检测未发现任何与临床提示相符的突变,因此,推断该家系可能存在一新的致病基因或者患者罹患的是另外一种罕见的神经肌肉病.而目前,基于分子水平对家系成员进行分析是此类罕见疾病诊断的金标准.于是,我们利用Illumina SNP芯片对家系进行了连锁分析,将致病区域定位到了染色体的几个区段.之后,结合先证者全外显子组测序的结果,发现在TCAP基因内存在—c.165_166insG的纯合移码突变,初步推测该变异为家系的致病突变.随后,我们利用PCR及Sanger测序对家系成员及来自家系外的正常人进行了突变分析,证实该突变为致病变异.此外,我们构建了突变型及野生型的稳筛细胞系,并通过western blot验证了突变导致蛋白截短的现象.最后,基于在体水平,我们利用斑马鱼动物模型对突变的功能进行了验证,进一步证实了突变会导致肌营养不良相关表型.综上所述,我们确定该家系为一近亲结婚的LGMD2G的家系,而TCAP基因c.165_166insG的改变为家系的致病突变,并且进一步印证了LGMD表型的异质性.
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