Cashmere is a rare special animal fiber in our country.It is very difficult to be identified because of its similar chemical properties with wool.Using microscope to identify cashmere is currently one of the effective ways.As kind of fake cashmere appears constantly and cashmere scale structure changes constantly,cashmere scale and fake cashmere scale have similar identification features,which is easy to produce miscalculation.By comparing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Chemometrics and microscope test method in identifying cashmere,this paper puts forward some feasible solution about Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Chemometrics applied in the actual work to identify cashmere.