This paper investigates the floating based abrasive polishing method for the inner and outer ring raceway of 6309type bearing through the improvement of experimental device. By testing the surface roundness and surface roughness, thechange of the raceway’s surface roundness parameters of Ra, Rz and Rmax and surface roughness parameter is achieved.With mathematical statistics, the mean value, the mean square deviation and the maximum and minimum parameters etc areacquired. The study results show that the surface quality of the bearing raceway is improved apparently with the floatingabrasive polishing, among the parameter, Ra is slightly revised, Rz is obviously improved and Rmax and the roundness errorare greatly improved. Before and after processing, the concentration of the value’s distribution of the surface roundness androughness index is almost remained unchanged. The relationship between the surface roughness and roundness parameters isanalyzed. The mechanism for the abrasive polishing to improve the roundness of bearing raceway is finally studied.